Sung Hu

Principle of Bioinformatics

- Bioinformatics is the study that processing biological information. It analyzes vast genetic information of life.

 

What is Bioprogramming?

1) Bioprogram = Bio- + program

2) Organisms are composed of many data (like protein), these data form network.

    Bioprogramming is all the programming activities for analyzing these biological data.

3) Computer is useful machine that is used in data processing, management, and so on.

    Programming is processing that makes something order to computer.

    It involves activities like analyzing, making algorithms and so on.

4) Compiler is certain program that change program language to other language that can be used (understood) in computer.

5) Type of language

     R [1]

     S [2]

     Matlab [3]

5) There are many tools used in bioprogramming.

    [4]

 

 

What is real?

 

Genomics

1) Define Genomics your own way after doing research on what genomes are and how we study.

-For defining genomic information, studying genome. Basically, they do sequencing and analyze genome. Genome is compound of gene and chromosome. It means that all genetic information that one organism have.

2) What is the origin of genomics?

-The origin of genomics is sequencing. By developing sequencing, people find organism’s gene sequence, and analyze the sequence. It becomes genomics.

3) History of genomics?

-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics

4) The future of genomics?

-the analyzing data of genome is applicate to several area; medicine, biotechnology, anthropology and so on. For example, when make new medicine, we can make more specific and safe medicine by using the data.

5) What is the relationship with other omics?

-Gene is basic thing of organism and have all information about organism. From gene, many things like protein are made. Therefore, I think that genomics is groundwork with other omics.

6) How can we engineer genomes?

-there are several method of analyzing genome; sequencing.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics

 

Transcriptomics

1) What is transcriptomics?

-study of transcriptome. Transcriptome include all expression RNA in certain cell.

– expression analysis of populations of genes

- analysis of differences in expression of gene populations

(under different conditions, treatments, developmental stages)

2) Relationship between genomics and transcriptomics

-Genomic analyze every gene. And transcriptomic analyze expression gene.

Our gene have many things. Also, in that, there are something that don’t be expressed. In transcriptomics, it doesn’t be analyzed.

3) Whatd are mRNAs?

-Intermediaries, acrrying genetic information from one or a few genes to a ribosome, where the corresponding proteins can be synthesized.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA

4) How to measure RNA expression?

-by using arrays or chips.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_microarray

5) Relationship between Transcriptome and Proteome.

-It can say that transcriptome make proteome. Because transcriptome is every expression RNA in cell, and the RNA is translated. After translation, proteins are generated and all proteins in cell are proteome.

6) What is a UTR?

-Untranslated region

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untranslated_region

7) What is ncRNA ?

-A functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein.

8) What is poly A ?

-A poly A tail is added to an RNA at the end of transcription. On mRNAs, the poly A tail protects the mRNA molecule from enzymatic degradation in the cytoplasm and aids in transcription termination, export of the mRNA from the nucleus, and translation.

 

Proteomics

1. What is proteome?

-proteome means that every proteins in certain cell.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteome

2. Relationship between genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics.

It is related to central dogma. DNAs are transcripted to RNAs, and the RNAs are translated to proteins. Genomics are study about every gene, DNA and RNA. And transcriptiomics are study about expression RNA from DNA. Also proteomics is study about every protein from RNA. Therefore, three study have close relation.

 

Epigenomic

-the study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genetic material of a cell, known as the epigenome.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenomics

-DNA methylation

-> methylation of DNA strands can serve to distinguish parent strands from newly synthesized strands, a function that is critical to mismatch repair.