<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">1. What is transcriptomics?</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">First, we should know about the transcriptome. Transcriptome is from the transcription by RNA polymerase II to make messenger RNA and those messenger RNA will be translated into polypeptide to function in the individual cell. The transcriptome is the set of all messenger RNA molecules in one cell or a population of cells. The study of transcriptome is transcriptomics, which is the analysis of sequence of RNA molecules.</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">2. Relationship between genomics and transcriptomics</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">The common feature of genomics and transcriptomics is that figure out the specific sequence of DNA or RNA. However, in terms of central dogma of biology field, the DNA has storing the information of protein-coding intact sequence, but it cannot express protein by itself. To express protein, it need to be transcribed first by RNA polymerase. Therefore I guess that the genomics is the basement of transcriptome to understand how biological phenomenon&nbsp;works.</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">3. What are mRNAs?</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">There are 3 types of coding RNA. mRNA is the one of those coding RNA, and it is called messenger RNA because when it transcribed, it can transfer its gene information to translation complex to express its protein.</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">4. How to measure RNA expression?</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">Measuring RNA expression is available in two parts. One is qPCR(quantitative PCR or real-time PCR) with cDNA synthesis. First, synthesis the complement DNA from&nbsp;mRNA or other RNA sequence by&nbsp;using&nbsp;oligo-dT or random hexamer to bind with the tip of the RNA structure which is play a primer action during the synthesis of cDNA by reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcriptase tranoscriptase is the enzyme that convert RNA to DNA strand.</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">After synthesis of cDNA, it should be analyzed by qPCR using cDNA as a template<img alt="" src="/ckfinder/userfiles/images/RT(1).&nbspgif" style="height:177px;qPCR is&nbsp;the method that detect the quantity by measuring probe intensity which is combined with primer. When it is reached to certain level, then it caculate back with cycle number. width:300px" /></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">5After synthesis of cDNA, it should be analyzed by qPCR using cDNA as a template. Relationship between Transcriptome and Proteome&nbsp;qPCR is&nbsp;the method that detect the quantity by measuring probe intensity which is combined with primer. When it is reached to certain level, then it caculate back with cycle number.</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">6<img alt="" src="/ckfinder/userfiles/images/wt020401-1-s. What is a UTR?jpg" style="height:468px; width:400px" /></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">7The other method is that visualizing the localization of mRNA by hybridization method. What <em>In situ </em>hybridization is ncRNAthe one of the best method to visualize the expression of mRNA in cell. When we tagged fluorescence probe with RNA oligomer which has complement sequence for target mRNA, then it will be fluorescence <em>in situ </em>hybridization(FISH) method.&nbsp;?FISH <span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255); color:rgb(37,37,37)">&nbsp;is a&nbsp;</span>cytogenetic<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255); color:rgb(37,37,37)">&nbsp;technique that uses&nbsp;</span>fluorescent probes<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255); color:rgb(37,37,37)">&nbsp;that bind to only those parts of the chromosome with a high degree of sequence&nbsp;</span>complementarity<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255); color:rgb(37,37,37)">.<img alt="" src="/ckfinder/userfiles/images/stellaris-method(1).png" /></span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">85. Relationship between Transcriptome and Proteome. What is poly A&nbsp;?</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">&nbsp;6. What is a UTR?</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">What to do:UTR is untranslated region in mRNA. mRNA has </span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">17. Apply <a href="http://biolecture.org/index.php/Biology_learning_procedure" title="Biology learning procedure">Biology learning procedure</a>What is ncRNA&nbsp;?</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:medium16px">8. What is poly A&nbsp;?</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px">What to do:</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px">1. Apply <a href="http://biolecture.org/index.php/Biology_learning_procedure" title="Biology learning procedure">Biology learning procedure</a></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px">Reference</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px"><a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/473">http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/473</a></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYJfM2-Y7y8">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYJfM2-Y7y8</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;(Youtube by Illumina Gary Schroth)</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:large16px">Reference<a href="http://www.saylor.org/content/bio403/assessments/BIO403_Unit_2_2_assessment_RT_PCR_a.html">http://www.saylor.org/content/bio403/assessments/BIO403_Unit_2_2_assessment_RT_PCR_a.html</a></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:16px"><a href="http://www10e.biomedcentraldevbio.com/1471-2164/13/473article.php?id=293">http://www10e.biomedcentraldevbio.com/1471-2164article.php?id=293</13/473a></aspan></p>

<p><a hrefspan style="httpsfont-size://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYJfM2-Y7y816px">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYJfM2-Y7y8&nbsp;</aspan> &nbsp;&nbsp;(Youtube by Illumina Gary Schroth)</p>