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<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:36px"><Index of Genomes of Prokaryotes></span></p> <p>Prokaryotes have several claims on our interest. </p> <p>1.They have cause infectious diseases. Some diseases, such as tuberculosis, are major public health problems. It's a challenge to control these diseases in the face of the development of antibiotic resistance. </p> <p>2.Molecular biologists study prokaryotes as examples of relatively simple cells, to understand fundamental principles of metabolism, genetics, and development</p> <p>3.Prokaryotes represent the earliest forms of life, from which all others are derived. </p> <p>4.Prokaryotes are imporatnt mediatos of ecolofical processes and geological cycles. Indeed, geological and biological phenomena are linked in an intimate marriage, which has seen its turbulent episodes. </p> <p> </p> <p>Major types of prokaryotes. </p> <p>1. Some genes in archaea but non in bacteria contain introns</p> <p>2. They are systematic differences in tRNA sequences between archaea and bacteria. </p> <p>3. Enzymes involved in DNA replication such as DNA polymerase and some of the tRNa synthetases involven in protein synthesis, differ between archaea and bacteria. </p> <p>4. Archaea but not bacteria contain DNA-associated proteins resembling histones. </p> <p>5. Membranes of all cells contain phospholipids. Compounds combining a glycerol molecule with long chain organic molecules.</p> <p>6. Cell wall structures : Bacterial but not archaeal cell walls contain peptididoglycan, a combination of sugar derivatives and peptides. </p> <p>7. Archaea and bacteria differ in their complement of metabolic pathways.</p> <p> </p>
<p><span style="color:#0000CD"><strong><span style="font-size:16px">Evolution and phylogenetic relationships in prokaryotes</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#0000CD"><strong><span style="font-size:16px">Archaea </span></strong></span></p>
<p>EX > Methanogens as sources of greenhouse gas emission. : The case of New Zealand. </p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:16px">-The genome of Methanococcus jannaschii</span></p>
<p>> Hydrothermal vents are underwater volcanoes emitting hot lava and gases through cracks in the ocean floor </p>
<p><span style="font-size:16px">-Life at extreme temperatures</span></p>
<p>EX > Effet of beta - branched sidechains on protein stability.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:16px">-Comparative genomics of hyperthermophilic archaea</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#0000CD">Bacteria </span></strong></span></p>
<p>Genomics of pathogenic bacteria : virulence factors </p>
<p>Horizontal gene transfer is a common theme in development of virulence and antibiotic resistance. </p>
<p>Genomics and the development of vaccines. </p>
<p>The future of antibiotic development</p>
<p>Our descendants may well look back at the second half of the 20th century as a narrow window during which bacterial infections could be controlled, and before and after which they could not.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:16px">-Marine cyanobacteria - an in-depth study</span></p>
<p>-Clarify evolutionary relationships. </p>
<p>-Use high-throughput sequencinng methods to study a cross-section of the life in a natural sample. </p>
<p>-Study the majority of strains that are difficult to grow in culture. </p>
<p>-Appreciate the relationships and interactions among different species that share an ecosystem. </p>
<p>-A milliitre of ocean water may contain 100-200 species. A gram of soil may contain 400. </p>
<p> </p>
<p>> How are different procholorococcus strains adapted to differences in ambient light itensities and spectral distributions? </p>
<p>Protection against photochemical damage</p>
<p>-Utilization of nitrogen sources. </p>
<p>-Protection aginst predators and viruses. </p>
