Youtube movie
Elizabeth Blackburn (UCSF) Part 1: The Roles of Telomeres and Telomerase
Elizabeth Blackburn (UCSF) Part 2: Telomeres and Telomerase in Human Stem Cells and in Cancer
Elizabeth Blackburn (UCSF) Part 3: Stress, Telomeres and Telomerase in Humans
- A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes.
- sequence of nucleotides in telomeres is TTAGGG, with the complementary DNA strand being AATCCC, with a single-stranded TTAGGG overhang.
- In the early 1970s, Russian theorist Alexei Olovnikov first recognized that chromosomes could not completely replicate their ends. Building on this, and to accommodate Leonard Hayflick's idea of limited somatic cell division, Olovnikov suggested that DNA sequences are lost every time a cell/DNA replicates until the loss reaches a critical level, at which point cell division ends. and In 1975–1977, Elizabeth Blackburn who is preseter of this video, discovered the unusual nature of telomeres, with their simple repeated DNA sequences composing chromosome ends. In addition, Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak were awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase.
- Telomeres shorten in part because of the end replication problem that is exhibited during DNA replication in eukaryotes only. Because DNA replication does not begin at either end of the DNA strand, but starts in the center, and considering that all known DNA polymerases move in the 5' to 3' direction, one finds a leading and a lagging strand on the DNA molecule being replicated.
- Telomerase is the natural enzyme that promotes telomere lengthening. It is active in stem cells, germ cells, hair follicles, and 90 percent of cancer cells, but its expression is low or absent in somatic cells. Telomerase functions by adding bases to the ends of the telomeres. Cells with sufficient telomerase activity are considered immortal in the sense that they can divide past the Hayflick limit without entering senescence or apoptosis. For this reason, telomerase is viewed as a potential target for anti-cancer drugs
sSMS : http://seqll.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/helicos-true-single-molecule-sequencing-movie_2.mp4
- Ture single molecule sequencing
sequence break down to many short sequences -> poly A sequence attatched to each 3' end of each short sequence -> short DNA sequence hybridize to each oligo T universal capsure side(fix) -> generate own sequencing reaction similar to sanger sequencing(fluorescent marking nucleotides) -> take picture each step of sequencing.
cancer genomics : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4Z-RO6t1tU
epigenomics : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4boKud1MRk
- identical twins : same genes but there are some differents. one of twin is diagnosed with cancer. identically same gene contained two mouse have different phenotype(fat, color). methyl group inhibit gene function histone pattern, -> epigenome. At critical period(puberty or pregnancy) can change epigenome. Epigenetic fix is inherited. 나이 든 후엔 identical twin 들의 epigenome 이 dramatically change 를 겪는다. gene inhibition at wrong site then can cause cancer but by rearrangement of epigenome(reactivation), we can therapy the cancer.
- 반대로 병을 일으키는 유전자의 위치를 파악해서 그곳을 타겟으로 methylation 을 이용해 gene inhibition 을 일으키면 그 병을 치료하거나 막을 수 있지 않을까?
- epigenomic therapy 와 miRNA therapy 가 비슷한 원리로 이루어 지는 듯 하다. 특정 물질을 이용해 병을 일으키는 gene 을 repress 함으로써 병을 치료하는 방법.
genomics : leopard and vulture genome home page :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUJzy0xnEpI
- the genomic revolution, metageomics, sequencing ecosystems, omics data sharing, data and informatics, EVOp - Global examplar, community project - cloudbiolinux,
글로벌투자 대가 짐 로저스
"한국 공무원 열풍 깜짝 놀랐다, 부끄러운 일"
"사랑하는 일 찾는 청년 줄어들면 5년 안에 몰락 길 걸을 것"
한국 청년들의 공무원, 대기업 시험 열풍은 매우 부끄러운 일이다. 활력을 잃고 몰락하는 사회의 전형을 보는 것 같다.
