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From Biolecture.org
Created page with "<p style="white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(37,37,37); font: 14px/17px sans-serif; margin: 0.5em 0px; widows: 1; letter-spacing: normal; ba..."
<p style="white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(37,37,37); font: 14px/17px sans-serif; margin: 0.5em 0px; widows: 1; letter-spacing: normal; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><b>Bioinformatics</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noexcerpt"><a title="Listen" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/En-us-bioinformatics.ogg"><img style="border-top: medium none; border-right: medium none; vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: medium none; margin: 0px; border-left: medium none" alt="Listen" width="11" height="11" data-file-height="11" data-file-width="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Speakerlink-new.svg/17px-Speakerlink-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Speakerlink-new.svg/22px-Speakerlink-new.svg.png 2x" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Speakerlink-new.svg/11px-Speakerlink-new.svg.png" /></a><sup style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1"><span class="IPA" style="color: rgb(0,0,238); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font: bold 8px sans-serif; padding-left: 0.1em; padding-right: 0.1em; font-stretch: normal"><a title="File:En-us-bioinformatics.ogg" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:En-us-bioinformatics.ogg">i</a></span></sup></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English">/</a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="/ˌ/ secondary stress follows" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">ˌ</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="'b' in 'buy'" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">b</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="/aɪ/ long 'i' in 'bide'" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">aɪ</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="/./ syllable break" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">.</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="/oʊ/ long 'o' in 'bode'" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">oʊ</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="/ˌ/ secondary stress follows" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">ˌ</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="/ɪ/ short 'i' in 'bid'" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">ɪ</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">n</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="'f' in 'find'" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">f</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="/ər/ 'er' in 'finger'" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">ər</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">ˈ</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="'m' in 'my'" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">m</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="/æ/ short 'a' in 'bad'" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">æ</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="'t' in 'tie'" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">t</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="/ɪ/ short 'i' in 'bid'" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">ɪ</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="'k' in 'kind'" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">k</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted">s</span></a></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a title="Help:IPA for English" style="text-decoration: none !important; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English">/</a></span></span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="Computer science" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science">computer science</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="Statistics" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics">statistics</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="Mathematics" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics">mathematics</a>, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="Engineering" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering">engineering</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>to study and process biological data.</p>
<p style="white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(37,37,37); font: 14px/17px sans-serif; margin: 0.5em 0px; widows: 1; letter-spacing: normal; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">Bioinformatics is both an umbrella term for the body of biological studies that use computer programming as part of their methodology, as well as a reference to specific analysis "pipelines" that are repeatedly used, particularly in the fields of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="Genetics" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics">genetics</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="Genomics" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics">genomics</a>. Common uses of bioinformatics include the identification of candidate genes and nucleotides (SNPs). Often, such identification is made with the aim of better understanding the genetic basis of disease, unique adaptations, desirable properties (esp. in agricultural species), or differences between populations. In a less formal way, bioinformatics also tries to understand the organisational principles within<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="Nucleic acid" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid">nucleic acid</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="Protein" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein">protein</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>sequences.</p>
<p style="white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(37,37,37); font: 14px/17px sans-serif; margin: 0.5em 0px; widows: 1; letter-spacing: normal; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">Bioinformatics is both an umbrella term for the body of biological studies that use computer programming as part of their methodology, as well as a reference to specific analysis "pipelines" that are repeatedly used, particularly in the fields of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="Genetics" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics">genetics</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="Genomics" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics">genomics</a>. Common uses of bioinformatics include the identification of candidate genes and nucleotides (SNPs). Often, such identification is made with the aim of better understanding the genetic basis of disease, unique adaptations, desirable properties (esp. in agricultural species), or differences between populations. In a less formal way, bioinformatics also tries to understand the organisational principles within<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="Nucleic acid" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid">nucleic acid</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="Protein" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein">protein</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>sequences.</p>
