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The first breakthrough in genome sequencing came from Watson's&nbsp;colleague in Cambridge, Fred Sanger. In 1977, Sanger and his team produced the first useful DNA sequencing method and publicized the first complete genome </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">(Sanger, Air et al. 1977)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">. It was a tiny virus genome known as phi X 174. Soon after phi X 174, he published the first complete organelle genome which was a mitochondrion </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">(Anderson, Bankier et al. 1981)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">. By 1998, researchers in the US evaluated multiplex genome sequencing technologies and were aware that one person's whole genome could be sequenced in one day using contemporary technologies. George Church was the Ph.D. student of Walter Gilbert who received a Nobel Prize with Sanger for developing a sequencing method. Gilbert's method was not used much. However, his colleague Church kept developing sequencing methods. One of them is based on Polony idea </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">(Porreca, Shendure et al. 2006)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">. This technology is used by KNOME Inc. that is a full genome sequencing company. Along with KNOME, other companies such as Complete Genomics are now producing DNA sequences cheaply and in an unprecedented capacity. The speed of sequencing is advancing many folds per year, much faster than the cycle of semiconductor chips used in computer industries. Also, genome sequencing technology&nbsp;is becoming an everyday technology&nbsp;to the level as computer CPUs are universally used. In five years of time, experts predict that everyone in developed nations will have his or her own genome information if he/she wanted it. Due to its far reaching consequences in medicine, health, biology, nanotechnology, and information technology, DNA sequencing&nbsp;will become&nbsp;the most important industrial technology ever developed in the futurenext decades.&nbsp;<br />

In 2009, genome sequencing technologies will achieve one person's whole genome per day in terms of DNA fragments sequenced. Personal genomics is a new term that utilizes such fast sequencers. In 2008, the cost for one personal genome is less than $300350,000 USD. If the cost goes down below $1,000 USD, the impact of personal genomics is predicted to be the largest ever in biology&nbsp;on common people's life.&nbsp;Reflecting this technological advancement to the society is the PGP (Personal Genome Project) is , a project to sequence as many people as possible with low lowest possible&nbsp;costs </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">(Church 2005)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">. At present, Google Inc. and Church group are working together to sequence 100,000 people's genetic regions of DNA. In Saudi Arabia, the government is planning to sequence 100 Arabic people. In Europe, there are various groups of people and nations who have been genotyping the populations. Especially, Iceland has been successful in that effort by utilizing their well-kept genealogical data encompassing 100,000s people. In Asia, Jeongsun Seo of Seoul National University has been working on East Asia Genome Project in the past years. His group collected thousands of samples from Mongolian tribes with a gigantic genealogical tree among them </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">(Park et al. 2008; Sung et al. 2008)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">. Seo is planning on said to&nbsp;be sequencing at least 100 Korean genomes in collaboration with Church and Green Cross Inc. of Korea. The aim of Seo's genome project is to produce a resource for the East Asians as well as Koreans. He is presently sequencing at least two Korean people. In China, Beijing Genome Institute has been successful in terms of sequencing. Their first achievement came from a plant genome, rice. After rice, they launched a 99 100 Han Chinese genome sequencing project. In Nov. 2008, they published their first Chinese genome in a joural, Nature. In Dec. 2008, another Korean group , Lee Gilyeo Cancer and Diabetes Institute (LCDI)&nbsp;and Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC) made a Korean genome sequence public. The genome was sequenced by Solexa paired-end sequencer and comparative genomics analyses and SNP data were uploaded as a public resource for everyone.&nbsp;The time taken to analyze the 7.8x Korean genome took only one week using 150 computer CPUs to produce mapping DNA fragments to a reference genome, generate new SNP information, compare with other individual genomes, and map it with 1600 already known phehotype information from the public literature.<br />