Cloning, recombination
cloning
- In biology, cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms. The term also refers to the production of multiple copies of a product such as digital media or software
- Cloning of any DNA fragment essentially involves four steps
- fragmentation - breaking apart a strand of DNA
- ligation - gluing together pieces of DNA in a desired sequence
- transfection - inserting the newly formed pieces of DNA into cells
- screening/selection - selecting out the cells that were successfully transfected with the new DNA
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- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning
Recombination
- Recombination is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent. In eukaryotes, genetic recombination during meiosis can lead to a novel set of genetic information that can be passed on from the parents to the offspring.
- Recombination may also occur during mitosis in eukaryotes where it ordinarily involves the two sister chromosomes formed after chromosomal replication.
- Chromosomal crossover, Gene conversion, Nonhomologous recombination
- Recombinational repair, Meiotic recombination
