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<p>When a gene is activated, the methylation level of a nearby CpG island is low.</p>
<p>When the gene switches off, the methylation level of the nearby Cpg CpG island is high.</p> <p>MeCP2(Methyl CpG binding protein 2) - acts as a decoder. It only binds to the unmethylated CpG islands.<sup>2)</sup></p>
<p><img src="http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/methylation/dna_mdna.png" />(http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/methylation/dna_mdna.png)</p>
<p>1) Bird, Adrian P. "CpG-rich islands and the function of DNA methylation." <em>Nature</em>321.6067 (1985): 209-213.</p>
<p>2) Meehan, Richard, Joe D. Lewis, and Adrian P. Bird. "Characterization of MeCP2, a vertebrate DNA binding protein with affinity for methylated DNA."<em>Nucleic acids research</em> 20.19 (1992): 5085-5092.</p>