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Proteomics BIO431SB

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<h4>Proteomics Approach</h4>

<h4>What is proteomics?</h4>

<p style="margin-bottom: 1.1em; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(59,59,59); text-align: left; font: 13px/14px 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; widows: 1; margin-top: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">The word “proteome” is derived from PROTEins expressed by a genOME, and it refers to all the proteins produced by an organism, much like the genome is the entire set of genes. The human body may contain more than 2 million different proteins, each having different functions. As the main components of the physiological pathways of the cells, proteins serve vital functions in the body such as:</p>

<li style="list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 5px">catalyzing various biochemical reactions, e.g. enzymes;</li>

<li style="list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 5px">acting as messengers, e.g. neurotransmitters;</li>

<li style="list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 5px">acting as control elements that regulate cell reproduction;</li>

<li style="list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 5px">influencing growth and development of various tissues, e.g. trophic factors;</li>

<li style="list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 5px">transporting oxygen in the blood, e.g. hemoglobin; and</li>

<li style="list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 5px">defending the body against disease, e.g. antibodies.</li>

</ul>

<h4><strong style="font-weight: 700">What is the difference between proteomics and genomics?</strong></h4>

Unlike the genome, which is relatively static, the proteome changes constantly in response to tens of thousands of intra- and extracellular environmental signals. The proteome varies with health or disease, the nature of each tissue, the stage of cell development, and effects of drug treatments. As such, the proteome often is defined as “the proteins present in one sample (tissue, organism, cell culture) at a certain point in time.”</p>

<p style="margin-bottom: 1.1em; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(59,59,59); text-align: left; font: 13px/14px 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; widows: 1; margin-top: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">In many ways, proteomics runs parallel to genomics: Genomics starts with the gene and makes inferences about its products (proteins), whereas proteomics begins with the functionally modified protein and works back to the gene responsible for its production.</p>

<p style="margin-bottom: 1.1em; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(59,59,59); text-align: left; font: 13px/14px 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; widows: 1; margin-top: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">The sequencing of the human genome has increased interest in proteomics because while DNA sequence information provides a static snapshot of the various ways in which the cell might use its proteins, the life of the cell is a dynamic process. This new data set holds great new promise for proteomic applications in science, medicine, and most notably – pharmaceuticals.</p>

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