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Personal genomics, bioinformatics, and variomics

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</span><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Introduction</span></strong><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><br />
Since the launch of the human genome project (HGP)&nbsp;in 1990 by NIH of USA, researchers have been developing faster DNA sequencers </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">(Shendure, Mitra et al. 2004; Chan 2005; Metzker 2005; Gupta 2008; Mardis 2008)</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">. HGP was said to be led by James Watson who modeled DNA in Cambridge, UK in 1953. In 2003, the international human genome sequencing consortium held a press conference to announce the completion of the human genome </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">(2004)</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">. In 2008, after 55 years, his complete genome sequence was publicized by using 454 DNA sequencers developed by a company </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">(Wheeler, Srinivasan et al. 2008)</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">.&nbsp;In 2007, Craig Venter of former Celera founder published his own personal genome in Plost PLoS Biology </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">(Levy, Sutton et al. 2007)</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">.&nbsp;We are entering the personalized biology era with the advent of next generation sequencing technologies.<br />
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</span><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt;">DNA sequencing</span></strong><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;"><font size="2">Gupta, P. K. (2008). &quot;Single-molecule DNA sequencing technologies for future genomics research.&quot; <u>Trends Biotechnol</u> <strong>26</strong>(11): 602-11.</font></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;"><font size="2">Levy, S., G. Sutton, et al. (2007). &quot;The diploid genome sequence of an individual human.&quot; <u>PLoS Biol</u> <strong>5</strong>(10): e254.</font></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;"><font size="2">Macrogen Inc.. from </font><a href="http://www.macrogen.co.kr/eng/macrogen/state.jsp"><font size="2" color="#0000ff" size="2">http://www.macrogen.co.kr/eng/macrogen/state.jsp</font></a><font size="2">.</font></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;"><font size="2">Mardis, E. R. (2008). &quot;The impact of next-generation sequencing technology on genetics.&quot; <u>Trends Genet</u> <strong>24</strong>(3): 133-41.</font></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;"><font size="2">Metzker, M. L. (2005). &quot;Emerging technologies in DNA sequencing.&quot; <u>Genome Res</u> <strong>15</strong>(12): 1767-76.</font></div>
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