KSH 0610 Epigenomics
Epigenomics - Epi(Outside) + Genomics(The study of genome, especially function and structure analysis)
- The study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genetic material of a cell
- Epigenetic modification
- DNA methylation by DNMT (DNA methyltransferase)
- Histone modification - acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and so on
- Epigenetic modifications play an important role in gene expression and regulation
Ex) It could affect Tumorigenesis
Ex) DNA imprinting - Parent generations put tags to next generation using DNA methylation
- The effects of chromatin structure on the function of the included genes
- Chromatin structure
- Euchromatin - a lightly packed form of chromatin. It is often under active transcription state.
- Heterochromatin - a tightly packed form of chromatin - inaccessible to polymerase and not transcribed
- Nucleosome - a basic unit of DNA packing in eukaryotes, consisting of 8 histone proteins and a segment of DNA (around 147bp)
- How do we study epigenomics and DNA methylation?
- Bisulfite treatment on DNA - Treatment of DNA with bisulfite converts Cytosine to Uracil. It cannot convert methylcytosine.
- Sequencing
- Protein - Switch - On and off - Energy(ATP, GTP, etc.) makes switching(acetylation, phosphorylation etc.)
- To detect protein structure
- X-ray crystallography
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- Cryoelectron microscopy
- Microscope
- Sequence
- Mass spectroscopy
- Protein secondary structure - the primary polypeptide chain (sequence of specific amino acid) gets properly foled in the form of
- alpha helix - scaffold
- beta sheet - scaffold
- coil (randomly coiled, irregular) - for binding to attack something Ex) Venom, Immunoglobulin (antibody) antigen binding site
- Interaction proteomics - using chips, microarray