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</span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">DNA sequencing</span></strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><br />
The first breakthrough in genome sequencing came from Watson's colleague in Cambridge, Fred Sanger. In 1977, Sanger and his team produced the first useful DNA sequencing method and publicized the first complete genome </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">(Sanger, Air et al. 1977)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">. It was a tiny virus genome known as phi X 174. Soon after phi X 174, he published the first complete organelle genome which was a mitochondrion </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">(Anderson, Bankier et al. 1981)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">. By 1998, researchers in the US evaluated multiplex genome sequencing technologies and were aware that one person's whole genome could be sequenced in one day using contemporary technologies. George Church was the Ph.D. student of Walter Gilbert who received a Nobel Prize with Sanger for developing a sequencing method. Gilbert's method was not used much. However, his colleague Church kept developing sequencing methods. One of them is based on Polony idea </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">(Porreca, Shendure et al. 2006)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">. This technology is used by KNOME Inc. that is a full genome sequencing company. Genome Along with KNOME, other companies such as Complete Genomics are now producing DNA sequences cheaply and in an unprecedented capacity. The speed of sequencing is advancing many folds per year, much faster than semiconductor chips used in computer industries. Also, genome sequencing technology is moving forward becoming an everyday technology to the level as computer CPUs are universally used. In five years of time, experts predict that everyone in developed nations will have his or her own genome information if he/she wanted it. Due to its far reaching consequences in medicine, health, biology, nanotechnology, and information technology, DNA sequencing is one of will become the most important industrial technologies in biology due to its perpetual use and new applications technology ever developed in the future. <br />
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</span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Personal Genomics</span></strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><br />