<li>hierarchal shotgun sequencing-a genome sequencing strategy in which small DNA fragments are mapped prior to DNA sequencing.</li>

<li>whole genome shotgun sequencing-a genome sequencing strategy in which the entire genome is isolated and sheared into small and large fragments and cloned into vectors.</li>

<li>pyrosequencing-Genomic DNA is broken into small 300 to 800bp fragments which are attached to beads via adaptors and emulsified in an oil/water mixture and isolated into droplets, which are amplified into many identical products.</li>

<li>comparative genomics-the study of differences of genomic variation between different populations</li>