06.10 class

Why not in Korea - 김건우
The reason of no -Nobel prize
ability? talent? education?
mindset  accent
there is no stupid question
never stop questioning

what is prize? it is something that is given for grants. Sciencist never struggle to get it.
Not because of ability, talent, education, but because of a degree of contribution
Do not judge who's better. Just concentrate on "contribution"

Epigenomics - the study of the commplete set of epifenetic information
epi : outside
epigenetic modifications are reversible modifications on a cell's DNA or histones that affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence , affects next generationg offspring and clones
Epigenetic modifications paly an important rolein gene expression and regulatio and are involved in numerous cellular processes such as in differentiation and development and tumorigenesis
RNA interference, DNA methylation, Histone modification → gene expression affect
DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase)
Natural roles of DNA methylation in mammalian system
- imprinting - put some tags on the DNA
-  X chromosome inactivation
- heterochromatin maintenance
- developmental controls
- Tissue specific expression controls
euchromatin is bright, heterochromatin is dark (histone difference)
coffin-lowry syndrome, rubinstein-taybu syndrome iare histone modification related diseases
Bisulfite treatment of cytosine - tratment of DNA with bisulfite converts cytosine residues to uracil, but leaves 5-methylcytosine residues unaffected
methylation pattern by gene sequencing

Proteomics
expression is the ups and downs of gene products
life on earth is a set of proteins. protein are on/off by energy flow (ex. phosphorylation, proton-motive force)
protein structure - crystallography, NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance), cryo-microscopy, just looking at them!
primary structure is sequenced of specific amino acid
secondary structure is the primary polypeptide chain gets properly folded in the form of aplha-helix, beta pleated sheet,(both are for stable structures) and random coils(irregular structure) and turns
protein coil structure? coil is for binding and attacking something (ex. antibody's antigen-binding finger structures) coil proteins are usually toxins, venomes
post translational modifications - glysosylation, phosphorylation, sulfation
interaction proteomics - proteins are not discrete and independent molecules they need other proteins or cofactors for their activity, such interactions are necessary for signal transduction, trafficking, cell cycle, and gene regulation, interaction domains and catalytic domains play a role in protein interactions, by binding to a variety of related ligands
protein microarrays - another strategy for large scale study of proteins, similar to DNA microarray, a very small amount of different purified proteins are placed on a glass slide in a pattern of rows and columns. Followed addition of various types of the probe molecules, that are fluorescent dye labled to the array