Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization(FISH)
DNA sequencing utilizing fluorescent markers is a method to analyze genetic sequences and visualize specific genes or genomic regions by attaching fluorescent dyes to specific bases. One of the most representative methods includes the following procedure:
- Use of Fluorescent Markers: Each DNA base (A, T, G, C) is tagged with a different fluorescent marker (color). As a result, each base emits light of a specific wavelength, giving it a unique color.
- Sequencing Process: During DNA sequencing, the sequence of a specific DNA fragment is determined. Each DNA base amplified or replicated in the sequencing reaction is identified by the color of light emitted by the fluorescent marker attached to it.
- Image Capture and Analysis: The light emitted by the fluorescent markers is captured using a special camera or detector. This data is analyzed by computer software, determining the DNA sequence based on the colors of the fluorescent markers observed at each position.
- Sequencing Results: Ultimately, the DNA sequence is represented by the order of fluorescent colors. This allows researchers to identify specific areas of the genome, genetic mutations, or genetic changes related to diseases.