Week4-darwinisms' error
20141215
Jihoon moon
Abstract
The evolutionary history is started at Darwin’s Evolution Theory. In this theory, Darwin start experiment about natural selection in natural. There are some mutations by natural selection and the theory leads most of the evolutionary theories. But nowadays, developing with genomics, the evolutionary can explain by new technologies. Darwin’s theory are usually adapted at natural but it contains some scientific errors. So I think about the error of the Darwin’s theory with scientific view.
Introduction
Darwinism can represent the evolutionary route with phenotypes of living things, but the limitation is that they can’t represent genotypes that consist genetically modified gene expression or protein expression or DNA methylations and inheritance. So there are few limitation in Darwinism. Nowadays the development of genomics and bio-informatics can make research about the genotype changes.
And there are some error of the Darwin’s theory with various perspective. First, using fossils, we evaluate the specific era and age of the organism, evolutionary trace. But, as we know, in observation of fossil, there are only dramatically changes in phenotypes. Many species remain unchanged for millions of years, then changed but related form. and new species usually appear in the fossil record suddenly, not connected with their ancestors by a series of intermediates. Fossils is just extinct species’ trace.
If the darwin’s evolution theory was true, individual species have stepwise and small-scale improvement continuously and then they changed to large-scale improvement to other spieces, but it is not true.
Second, Evolution happens through natural selection, and then goes on to discuss small-scale improvement. For example, in the finches’ beaks size on Galapagos islands. Such small-scale improvement don’t demonstrate that natural selection can cause large-scale evolutionary changes. In fact, all of the finches in the Galapagos Islands remain genetically similar that they can interbreed during million years of evolutionary change.
If anything, the Galapagos finches demonstrate the limits of natural selection. Beak sizes increased during a drought, yet when the drought ended, finch-beaks predictably returned to their normal sizes.
Third, for demonstrating the Darwin’s evolution theory, we must, study about living things in the extreme circumstance. For example, in human species, the Eskimos in north pole. If natural selection is true, Eskimos can have more fur to protect them warmly. And body sizes and other things can change. But they don’t look different much more than normal human.
And the north America Eskimos looks very similar with Korean, but korea’s circumstance are not extremely cold.
Conclusion
Darwin’s evolution theory is quietly collect before 140 years ago, and they can usually demonstrate evolution with phenotype. But they are not definitely correct in some perspective and limitations. Natural selection can’t overcome the outside of genotype evolutions. DNA cannot be changed into a new species by natural selection.
Nowadays, the evolution can be demonstrate by bioinformatics and genomics with dramatically developed technology. The history of evolution is re-written after Darwins.
Reference
Jonathan Wells, Icons of Evolution: Why Much of what we teach about evolution is wrong, page 174 (Regnery, 2000).
Wolf-Ekkehard Loennig, "Dynamic genomes, morphological stasis, and the origin of irreducible complexity," in Dynamical Genetics pages. 101-119 (Valerio Parisi, Valeria De Fonzo, and Filippo Aluffi-Pentini eds., 2004) (quoting Cohn M.J., and Tickle, C. 1996, Trends Genet. 12, 253-257).
http://www.koreatimes.net/kt_weekly_korea/64184
http://www.evolutionnews.org/2012/05/what_are_the_to059781.html
http://www.judgingpbs.com/dfp-slide4.html