Essay
What is Genomics
1. Abstract
Genomics research genetic information which is total genes of certain life. Genomics have 5 objectives and 4 representative research directions. Also there are several accomplishments which genomics helped to people.
2. Intro
<Objective of Genomics>
- Identify the gene identification of 80,000 human genes.
- Determine the 3 billion chemical base sequences that make up the human DNA.
- Record database information.
- Develop and complement the technical problems of data analysis.
- Explain about the moral, legal, and social issues related to the project.
3. Result
Genome is genetic information, also total genes in nucleus. It is also the set of genes and on unit required for maintenance of life phenomena and for the expression of all traits.
Substances containing information are DNA and RNA. DNA is consist of various combination of Adenine(A), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C) and Thymine(T) while RNA is consist of various combination of Adenine(A), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C) and Uracil(U). Understanding the sequence of these bases can reveal the unique nucleotide sequence of each organism.
Genomics reveals the structure and function of all genomes in living organisms. It includes mainly gene mapping, production and analysis of mutant animals, causative gene nomenclature related to disease genes and special traits, and development of molecular markers.
<Direction of Genomics>
- Functional genomics:
Field of study the function of genes and gene products.
There are Biological and biochemical approaches to gene function. The biological approach is to observe changes in physiological function by removing specific genes from model animals used in laboratories. This method is mainly used to find out which gene is the cause of the disease. The biochemical approach is to track what proteins are made from known genetic information and to reveal their structure and function.
- Comparative genomics
Field of study individual differences in race, disease outbreaks, and medicines based on the results of the standard sequence.
There are two methods for finding genes related to genetic diseases: functional cloning and positional cloning. Functional cloning is a method of predicting the function of a disease gene and locating a gene. Local cloning is present in the precursor chromosome without information about the disease gene.
- Personal genomics
Field of study individual genomes by interpreting and comparing.
In order to solve the problems raised in the fields of biology, medicine, industry and the like that systematically study genomes and related information which are the sum of individual genes of specific organisms for solving problems raised in biology, medicine, industry, etc. A systematic study of genome and related information as a whole.
- Late genomics
Field of study DNA genome sequence through human genome project and compares genome function and individual nucleotide sequence with others.
It is necessary to clarify the functions of the mapped genome and to compare and analyze characteristics between individuals. Two methods can be used to reveal individual differences. One is study of gene discovery and function by functional genomics, and the other is the comparison genomics, which identifies individual differences in race, disease outbreaks, and drugs based on human standard sequence results.
4. Discussion
During searching genomics, I couldn’t know what can we do with genomics and how is it used. So I chose the question and searched usage of present.
<Accomplishment of Genomics>
- Found CRISPR by comparing genomes of bacteria.
- Created a partially synthetic species of bacterium, Mycoplasma laboratorium, derived from the genome of Mycoplasma genitlium.
- Plan to help a given species with many unknown variables by studying their genome.
5. Reference
Wikipedia; Genomics; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics
News Medical; What is Genomics?; http://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/What-is-Genomics.aspx
