Difference between revisions of "Bioperl"

Latest revision as of 22:50, 3 May 2015

BioPerl is a collection of Perl modules that facilitate the development of Perl scripts for bioinformatics applications. It has played an integral role in the Human Genome Project.

Bioperl.net

Background

BioPerl is an active open source software project supported by the Open Bioinformatics Foundation. The first set of Perl codes of Bioperl was created by Tim Hubbard and Jong Bhak^{[citation needed]} at MRC Centre Cambridge where the first genome sequencing was carried out by Fred Sanger. MRC Centre was one of the hubs and birth places of modern bioinformatics as it had large amount of DNA sequences and 3D protein structures. The name Bioperl was coined jointly by Jong Bhak and Steve Brenner in a small room of Centre for Protein Engineering (CPE) of MRC Centre where Alan Fersht was the director. In that small room, Cyrus Chothia and Tim Hubbard were working with some of their Ph.D. students and colleagues. Tim Hubbard is an expert Perl programmer and he was using th_lib.pl that contained many useful Perl subroutines for bioinformatics. Jong Bhak, being the first Ph.D. student of Tim Hubbard created jong_lib.pl. Jong merged the two Perl subroutine libraries into Bio.pl. One day in 1995, Steve Brenner, a Ph.D. student of Cyrus Chothia visited the room and started to discuss what they would call the perl library after some lengthy (a few months) debate on whether Perl is superior to C for bioinformatics as Steve Brenner had his own C library for bioinformatics. The two Ph.D. students named the net Perl library for biology Bioperl after going through names such as protein perl, protperl, PerlBio, and so on. Steve Brenner organized a Bioperl session in 1995 at ISMB Cambridge although it did not really happen. Bioperl had some users in coming months including Georg Fuellen who organized a training course in Germany. Georg's colleagues and students extended the Bioperl much and this was joined later by other people such as Steve Chervitz who was actively developing Perl codes for his yeast genome DB. The major expansion came when another Cambridge student Ewan Birney joined the wagon after another lengthy debate on if Perl was superior to C for bioinformatics and Ewan and many other people were very active in developing Bioperl.^{[citation needed]}

The first stable release was on 11 June 2002; the most recent stable (in terms of API) release is 1.6.9 from 14 April 2011. There are also developer releases produced periodically. Version series 1.6.0 is considered to be the most stable (in terms of bugs) version of BioPerl and is recommended for everyday use, but the nightly builds are also extremely stable, and many BioPerl users stay current with those.

In order to take advantage of BioPerl, the user needs a basic understanding of the Perl programming language including an understanding of how to use Perl references, modules, objects and methods.

Features[edit]

BioPerl provides software modules for many of the typical tasks of bioinformatics programming. These include:

Accessing nucleotide and peptide sequence data from local and remote databases
Transforming formats of database/ file records
Manipulating individual sequences
Searching for similar sequences
Creating and manipulating sequence alignments
Searching for genes and other structures on genomic DNA
Developing machine readable sequence annotations

Usage[edit]

In addition to being used directly by end-users,^[4] BioPerl has also provided the base for a wide variety of bioinformatic tools, including amongst others:

SynBrowse ^[5]
GeneComber ^[6]
TFBS ^[7]
MIMOX ^[8]
BioParser ^[9]
Degenerate primer design ^[10]
Querying the public databases ^[11]
Current Comparative Table ^[12]

New tools and algorithms from external developers are often integrated directly into BioPerl itself:

Dealing with phylogenetic trees and nested taxa ^[13]
FPC Web tools ^[14]

Related Libraries in Other Programming Languages[edit]

Several related bioinformatics libraries implemented in other programming languages exist as part of the Open Bioinformatics Foundation including:

References[edit]

Jump up^ Stajich, J. E.; Block, D.; Boulez, K.; Brenner, S.; Chervitz, S.; Dagdigian, C.; Fuellen, G.; Gilbert, J.; Korf, I.; Lapp, H.; Lehväslaiho, H.; Matsalla, C.; Mungall, C. J.; Osborne, B. I.; Pocock, M. R.; Schattner, P.; Senger, M.; Stein, L. D.; Stupka, E.; Wilkinson, M. D.; Birney, E. (2002). "The BioPerl Toolkit: Perl Modules for the Life Sciences". Genome Research12 (10): 1611–1618. doi:10.1101/gr.361602. PMC 187536. PMID 12368254. edit
Jump up^ http://www.bioperl.org/wiki/BioPerl_publications A complete, up-to-date list of BioPerl references
Jump up^ Lincoln Stein (1996). "How Perl saved the human genome project". The Perl Journal1 (2). Retrieved 2009-02-25 (Bioperl.org). Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
Jump up^ Khaja R, MacDonald J, Zhang J, Scherer S (2006). "Methods for identifying and mapping recent segmental and gene duplications in eukaryotic genomes". Methods Mol Biol 338: 9–20. doi:10.1385/1-59745-097-9:9. ISBN 1-59745-097-9. PMID 16888347.
Jump up^ Pan, X.; Stein, L.; Brendel, V. (2005). "SynBrowse: A synteny browser for comparative sequence analysis". Bioinformatics 21 (17): 3461–3468.doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti555. PMID 15994196. edit
Jump up^ Shah, S. P.; McVicker, G. P.; MacKworth, A. K.; Rogic, S.; Ouellette, B. F. F. (2003). "GeneComber: Combining outputs of gene prediction programs for improved results".Bioinformatics 19 (10): 1296–1297. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg139.PMID 12835277. edit
Jump up^ Lenhard, B.; Wasserman, W. W. (2002). "TFBS: Computational framework for transcription factor binding site analysis". Bioinformatics 18 (8): 1135–1136.doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/18.8.1135. PMID 12176838. edit
Jump up^ Huang, J.; Gutteridge, A.; Honda, W.; Kanehisa, M. (2006). "MIMOX: A web tool for phage display based epitope mapping". BMC Bioinformatics 7: 451. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-7-451. PMC 1618411. PMID 17038191. edit
Jump up^ Catanho, M.; Mascarenhas, D.; Degrave, W.; De Miranda, A. B. ?L. (2006). "BioParser".Applied Bioinformatics 5 (1): 49–53. doi:10.2165/00822942-200605010-00007.PMID 16539538. edit
Jump up^ Wei, X.; Kuhn, D. N.; Narasimhan, G. (2003). "Degenerate primer design via clustering".Proceedings / IEEE Computer Society Bioinformatics Conference. IEEE Computer Society Bioinformatics Conference 2: 75–83. PMID 16452781. edit
Jump up^ Croce, O.; Lamarre, M. L.; Christen, R. (2006). "Querying the public databases for sequences using complex keywords contained in the feature lines". BMC Bioinformatics 7: 45. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-7-45. PMC 1403806. PMID 16441875.edit
Jump up^ Landsteiner, B. R.; Olson, M. R.; Rutherford, R. (2005). "Current Comparative Table (CCT) automates customized searches of dynamic biological databases". Nucleic Acids Research 33 (Web Server issue): W770–W773. doi:10.1093/nar/gki432.PMC 1160193. PMID 15980582. edit
Jump up^ Llabrés, M.; Rocha, J.; Rosselló, F.; Valiente, G. (2006). "On the Ancestral Compatibility of Two Phylogenetic Trees with Nested Taxa". Journal of Mathematical Biology 53 (3): 340–364. doi:10.1007/s00285-006-0011-4. PMID 16823581. edit
Jump up^ Pampanwar, V.; Engler, F.; Hatfield, J.; Blundy, S.; Gupta, G.; Soderlund, C. (2005). "FPC Web Tools for Rice, Maize, and Distribution". Plant Physiology 138 (1): 116–126.doi:10.1104/pp.104.056291. PMC 1104167. PMID 15888684. edit

[1] Jump up^ Stajich, J. E.; Block, D.; Boulez, K.; Brenner, S.; Chervitz, S.; Dagdigian, C.; Fuellen, G.; Gilbert, J.; Korf, I.; Lapp, H.; Lehväslaiho, H.; Matsalla, C.; Mungall, C. J.; Osborne, B. I.; Pocock, M. R.; Schattner, P.; Senger, M.; Stein, L. D.; Stupka, E.; Wilkinson, M. D.; Birney, E. (2002). "The BioPerl Toolkit: Perl Modules for the Life Sciences". Genome Research12 (10): 1611–1618. doi:10.1101/gr.361602. PMC 187536. PMID 12368254. edit

[2] Jump up^ http://www.bioperl.org/wiki/BioPerl_publications A complete, up-to-date list of BioPerl references

[3] Jump up^ Lincoln Stein (1996). "How Perl saved the human genome project". The Perl Journal1 (2). Retrieved 2009-02-25 (Bioperl.org). Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[4] Jump up^ Khaja R, MacDonald J, Zhang J, Scherer S (2006). "Methods for identifying and mapping recent segmental and gene duplications in eukaryotic genomes". Methods Mol Biol 338: 9–20. doi:10.1385/1-59745-097-9:9. ISBN 1-59745-097-9. PMID 16888347.

[5] Jump up^ Pan, X.; Stein, L.; Brendel, V. (2005). "SynBrowse: A synteny browser for comparative sequence analysis". Bioinformatics 21 (17): 3461–3468.doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti555. PMID 15994196. edit

[6] Jump up^ Shah, S. P.; McVicker, G. P.; MacKworth, A. K.; Rogic, S.; Ouellette, B. F. F. (2003). "GeneComber: Combining outputs of gene prediction programs for improved results".Bioinformatics 19 (10): 1296–1297. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg139.PMID 12835277. edit

[7] Jump up^ Lenhard, B.; Wasserman, W. W. (2002). "TFBS: Computational framework for transcription factor binding site analysis". Bioinformatics 18 (8): 1135–1136.doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/18.8.1135. PMID 12176838. edit

[8] Jump up^ Huang, J.; Gutteridge, A.; Honda, W.; Kanehisa, M. (2006). "MIMOX: A web tool for phage display based epitope mapping". BMC Bioinformatics 7: 451. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-7-451. PMC 1618411. PMID 17038191. edit

[9] Jump up^ Catanho, M.; Mascarenhas, D.; Degrave, W.; De Miranda, A. B. ?L. (2006). "BioParser".Applied Bioinformatics 5 (1): 49–53. doi:10.2165/00822942-200605010-00007.PMID 16539538. edit

[10] Jump up^ Wei, X.; Kuhn, D. N.; Narasimhan, G. (2003). "Degenerate primer design via clustering".Proceedings / IEEE Computer Society Bioinformatics Conference. IEEE Computer Society Bioinformatics Conference 2: 75–83. PMID 16452781. edit

[11] Jump up^ Croce, O.; Lamarre, M. L.; Christen, R. (2006). "Querying the public databases for sequences using complex keywords contained in the feature lines". BMC Bioinformatics 7: 45. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-7-45. PMC 1403806. PMID 16441875.edit

[12] Jump up^ Landsteiner, B. R.; Olson, M. R.; Rutherford, R. (2005). "Current Comparative Table (CCT) automates customized searches of dynamic biological databases". Nucleic Acids Research 33 (Web Server issue): W770–W773. doi:10.1093/nar/gki432.PMC 1160193. PMID 15980582. edit

[13] Jump up^ Llabrés, M.; Rocha, J.; Rosselló, F.; Valiente, G. (2006). "On the Ancestral Compatibility of Two Phylogenetic Trees with Nested Taxa". Journal of Mathematical Biology 53 (3): 340–364. doi:10.1007/s00285-006-0011-4. PMID 16823581. edit

[14] Jump up^ Pampanwar, V.; Engler, F.; Hatfield, J.; Blundy, S.; Gupta, G.; Soderlund, C. (2005). "FPC Web Tools for Rice, Maize, and Distribution". Plant Physiology 138 (1): 116–126.doi:10.1104/pp.104.056291. PMC 1104167. PMID 15888684. edit

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-<p>&nbsp;<b style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">BioPerl</b><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">&nbsp;</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioPerl#cite_note-1" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioPerl#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">is a collection of</span><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Perl</a><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">modules that facilitate the development of Perl scripts for</span><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">bioinformatics</a><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">applications. It has played an integral role in the</span><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Human Genome Project</a><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioPerl#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a></sup></p>
+<p>&nbsp;<b style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">BioPerl</b><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">is a collection of</span><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Perl</a><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">modules that facilitate the development of Perl scripts for</span><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">bioinformatics</a><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">applications. It has played an integral role in the</span><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Human Genome Project</a><span style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;">.</span></p>
 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</p>
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+<p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">[http://bioperl.net Bioperl.net]</p>
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-<h2 style="color: black; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 13.3000001907349px; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>
-&nbsp;<span class="toctoggle" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: 12.5020008087158px;">&nbsp;[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioPerl#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>]&nbsp;</span></div>
-<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;">
-    <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioPerl#Background" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li>
-    <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioPerl#Features" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Features</span></a></li>
-    <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioPerl#Usage" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Usage</span></a></li>
-    <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioPerl#Related_Libraries_in_Other_Programming_Languages" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Related Libraries in Other Programming Languages</span></a></li>
-    <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioPerl#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
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 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</p>
-<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BioPerl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2>
+<p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><b><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></b></p>
 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">BioPerl is an active&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">open source</a>&nbsp;software project supported by the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Bioinformatics_Foundation" title="Open Bioinformatics Foundation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Open Bioinformatics Foundation</a>. The first set of Perl codes of Bioperl was created by&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Hubbard" title="Tim Hubbard" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Tim Hubbard</a>&nbsp;and Jong Bhak<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>&nbsp;at&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Research_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">MRC</a>&nbsp;Centre Cambridge where the first genome sequencing was carried out by Fred Sanger. MRC Centre was one of the hubs and birth places of modern bioinformatics as it had large amount of DNA sequences and 3D protein structures. The name Bioperl was coined jointly by Jong Bhak and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_E._Brenner" title="Steven E. Brenner" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Steve Brenner</a>&nbsp;in a small room of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Protein_Engineering" title="Centre for Protein Engineering" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Centre for Protein Engineering</a>&nbsp;(CPE) of MRC Centre where&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Fersht" title="Alan Fersht" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Alan Fersht</a>&nbsp;was the director. In that small room,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_Chothia" title="Cyrus Chothia" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cyrus Chothia</a>&nbsp;and Tim Hubbard were working with some of their Ph.D. students and colleagues. Tim Hubbard is an expert Perl programmer and he was using th_lib.pl that contained many useful Perl subroutines for bioinformatics. Jong Bhak, being the first Ph.D. student of Tim Hubbard created jong_lib.pl. Jong merged the two Perl subroutine libraries into Bio.pl. One day in 1995, Steve Brenner, a Ph.D. student of Cyrus Chothia visited the room and started to discuss what they would call the perl library after some lengthy (a few months) debate on whether Perl is superior to C for bioinformatics as Steve Brenner had his own C library for bioinformatics. The two Ph.D. students named the net Perl library for biology Bioperl after going through names such as protein perl, protperl, PerlBio, and so on. Steve Brenner organized a Bioperl session in 1995 at&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_Systems_for_Molecular_Biology" title="Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">ISMB</a>&nbsp;Cambridge although it did not really happen. Bioperl had some users in coming months including Georg Fuellen who organized a training course in Germany. Georg's colleagues and students extended the Bioperl much and this was joined later by other people such as Steve Chervitz who was actively developing Perl codes for his yeast genome DB. The major expansion came when another Cambridge student&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewan_Birney" title="Ewan Birney" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ewan Birney</a>&nbsp;joined the wagon after another lengthy debate on if Perl was superior to C for bioinformatics and Ewan and many other people were very active in developing Bioperl.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p>
 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The first stable release was on 11 June 2002; the most recent stable (in terms of API) release is 1.6.9 from 14 April 2011. There are also developer releases produced periodically. Version series 1.6.0 is considered to be the most stable (in terms of bugs) version of BioPerl and is recommended for everyday use, but the nightly builds are also extremely stable, and many BioPerl users stay current with those.</p>

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