Difference between revisions of "KSH 0611 Review Epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression"
From Biolecture.org
imported>Seung-hoon Kim |
imported>Seung-hoon Kim |
||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
<li>Euchromatin - transcriptionally active state - the region where DNA is accessible due to the relaxed state of nucleosome arrangement</li> | <li>Euchromatin - transcriptionally active state - the region where DNA is accessible due to the relaxed state of nucleosome arrangement</li> | ||
<li>Heterochromatin - transcriptionally inactive state - the area where DNA is packed into highly condensed forms that are inaccessible to transcription factors</li> | <li>Heterochromatin - transcriptionally inactive state - the area where DNA is packed into highly condensed forms that are inaccessible to transcription factors</li> | ||
| − | |||
</ol> | </ol> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <hr /> | ||
| + | <h2>How to regulate Protein Synthesis - Epigenetic inheritance controls the amount of the transcribed mRNA. Thus, protein production is regulated.</h2> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <h4>Ex) Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) breaks down alcohol in liver cells.</h4> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <h4>We could increase the mRNA of <em>ADH</em> and then make ADH more than usual when we drink much </h4> | ||
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <h4> </h4> | ||
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
Revision as of 13:18, 11 June 2016
Contents
- 1 Epigenetics
- 1.1 Definition : Heritable changes in gene activity and expression that occur without alteration in DNA sequence
- 1.2 Two well-known epigenetic modifications
- 1.3 Why is it important ? >>> Epigenetic modifications regulate gene activity and expression during development and differentiation, or in response to environmental stimuli
- 1.4 Epigenetics is considered a bridge between genotype and phenotype
- 1.5 Explain how cells carrying identical DNA differentiate into different cell types >>> Epigenetics
- 1.6 Epigenome - global analyses of epigenetic markers across the entire genome
- 1.7 Chromatin - Histone protein / DNA complex in eukaryotic cells
- 1.8 How to regulate Protein Synthesis - Epigenetic inheritance controls the amount of the transcribed mRNA. Thus, protein production is regulated.
Epigenetics
Definition : Heritable changes in gene activity and expression that occur without alteration in DNA sequence
Two well-known epigenetic modifications
- Chemical modification to the cytosine residues of DNA (DNA methylation)
- Histone modification
Why is it important ? >>> Epigenetic modifications regulate gene activity and expression during development and differentiation, or in response to environmental stimuli
Epigenetics is considered a bridge between genotype and phenotype
Explain how cells carrying identical DNA differentiate into different cell types >>> Epigenetics
Epigenome - global analyses of epigenetic markers across the entire genome
Chromatin - Histone protein / DNA complex in eukaryotic cells
Basic Unit - nucleosome - 146 bp of DNA wrapped around an octamer of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4)
- Euchromatin - transcriptionally active state - the region where DNA is accessible due to the relaxed state of nucleosome arrangement
- Heterochromatin - transcriptionally inactive state - the area where DNA is packed into highly condensed forms that are inaccessible to transcription factors
How to regulate Protein Synthesis - Epigenetic inheritance controls the amount of the transcribed mRNA. Thus, protein production is regulated.
Ex) Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) breaks down alcohol in liver cells.
We could increase the mRNA of ADH and then make ADH more than usual when we drink much
