Transcriptomics

Transcriptomics class for UNIST 2016

1. What is transcriptomics?

 The study of transcriptomics, also referred to as expression profiling, examines the expression level of mRNAs in a given cell population, often using high-throughput techniques based on DNA microarray technology. 

2. Relationship between genomics and transcriptomics

Genomics is the study of genomes, thet total genes in cell or organisms.

Transcriptomcs is the study of transcriptomes, the set of all messenger RNA molecules in one cell or a population of cells. 

I think genomics is a larger field or study than transcriptomics. This is because the transcriptomes are based on gene.

3. What are mRNAs?

 This is called messenger RNA.  mRNA is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Following transcription of primary transcript mRNA (known as pre mRNA) by RNA polymerase, processed, mature mRNA is translated into a polymer of amino acids: a protein, as summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology.

4. How to measure RNA expression?

To measure the RNA expression, qPCR can be used.

qPCR is quantitative PCR. This is prevalently and widely used in laboratory.

5. Relationship between Transcriptome and Proteome.

The proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time. Proteome comes from transcriptome. In the central dogma, 

protein is the last step. DNA -> mRNA : transcription , RNA -> protein : translation

6. What is a UTR?

In molecular genetics, an untranslated region (or UTR) refers to either of two sections, one on each side of a coding sequence on a strand of mRNA.

7. What is ncRNA ?

A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein.

Non-coding RNA genes include highly abundant and functionally important RNAs such as transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs(rRNAs), as well as RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs.

8. What is poly A ?

As its name it is, there are several As. To make this Poly A, there is needed polyadenylation. Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a mRNA. The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature mRNA for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression.

 

What to do:

1. Apply Biology learning procedure

 

 

Reference

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/473

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYJfM2-Y7y8  (Youtube by Illumina Gary Schroth)