Seobin Choi

1. Principle of Bioinformatics

Definition of bioinformatics

'Bio-' word originated from Greek (biography), it means a combining form 'life' . If  'Bio'  play a role of prefix, it indicate and involve life or living organisms.

'informat(ion) + -ics' is information science. It means this science has all processes what informations are gathering, manipulating, storing, retrieving and classifying.

In my own word, the definition of bioinformatics is all processes that information related to living organisms and life are gathering, manipulating, storing, retrieving and classifying.

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Principle of bioinformatics

Figure1 is level of biological organization, this order from smallest to largest : atom → molecule→ macromolecule→ organelle→ cell→ tissue→ organ→ organ system→ Whole organism. 

 

Figure1. Levels of organization (from biology keystone exam preparation)

Many living things are made of cells and cells are made of many molecules. Bioinformatics is based on level of biological organization, so it can get the information from macromolecule to whole organism. It means bioinformatics can help to analyze from the macromolecule likes DNA to the whole organism likes human.

In addition, according to 'Wikipedia, informatics', "The English term Informatics is sometimes understood as meaning the same as computer science. The German word Informatik is usually translated to English as computer science."

Therefore, Principle of Bioinformatics is that gather the information(data) and analyze by using both Computer Sciences and Biology field.

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2. Bioprogramming

What is bioproramming?

Bioprogramming is all the programming activities for analyzing biological data.

 

Programming is the technologies to realize compute programby using several algorism specifically. The wide meaning is the act or proess likes a pan to acomplish a goal. People are trying to use programming in order to solve the problem what's more complexd. Then, it can help to reduce the time and cost, so it has a efficiency.

How to make a compiler?

 First of all, a compiler means the program which a file written by specific language of programming shifts other language of programming.

 

Usually, a compiler is used to translate primary source code from a high-level programming language to a lower level language likes machine code.

 

 Figure2. Compile overview

 

 Usually, it should follow many operations. 

Lexical analysis, preprocessing, parsing, semantic analysis (syntax-direted translation), code generation, and code optimization. (From Wikepedia)

 

 What is a language?

Language is some code that people can understand it, it makes people to think. In computer, there are many language obviously all these things were made by human. A long time ago, the scientist and engineer were trying to improve effectiveness for human work. As a result, many programming language are appeared.

What is a computer?

 A computer is a progrmmable electrical device designed to accept information, perform the goal what people want to accomplish using mathematical and logical operation. It can interpret many instruction made by user then, all processes go through the setting either auto or user-handed. (A few information was cited from dictionary.com)

What is a grammer?

It has a meaning using pro-grammer. Grammer means someone who make a program's algorism their own word and interpret process, get the results, analyze it.

Languages for Bioinformatics

R, S :R, S is programming for statistical calculation and graphic.

Matlab: MATLAB^® is the high-level language and interactive environment used by millions of engineers and scientists worldwide. (from The MathWorks.Inc)

 3. Genomics

Genomics is study of all genomes for lives and organism. It includes DNA, RNA and also genes, non-coding sequence of that. This term, genome can support meaning gene and chromosome. It can use the many research tehonologies which includes recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods and then it can get the information of genome like each function and structure. Genetics is more wide range study, including not only heredity, mutation, nucleotide, variation but chromosome, DNA, RNA and genome.  Using the bioinformatics, we can classify into each gene set and group which related to similar structure or function.

What is the origin of genomics?

 Genomics is originate from genetics, the term was created in 1920 Hans Winkler, professor of botany at the university of Hamburg, Germany. The study of all of the nucleotide sequences, including structural genes,regulatory sequences, and noncoding DNA segments, in the chromosomesof an organism. It can make other study or industry such as pharmacy to improve.

History of genomics

  Figure 3. Main event for history of genomics

The future of genomics

I think the world organism will be analyzed by genomics and it may use the information as preventing disease, further cure an incurable disease in the futre. Then, actually DNA recombination may apply by human. These development of genomics has positive side whether it exist also negative side likes Movie "GATACA". So, the scientist and engineer must carefully consider this topic, not discriminate developing and use.

What is the relationship with other omics?

Omics informally refers to a field of study in biology ending in -omics, such as genomics, proteomics or metabolomics. The related suffix -ome is used to address the objects of study of such fields, such as the genome, proteome or metabolome respectively. This genomics are related to big, complex biological data set, it has infinte information yet not discover. One single gene can produce the total set of biological molecules then it can apply proteomics, epigenomics and so on. 

How can we engineer genomes?

Above I mentioned, we can use the DNA recombination method, DNA sequencing method, shotgun sequencing and so on.

 

Assignment

WHAT IS REAL?

Input my REAL paper later.

 

 4. Transcriptomics

Interesting research with transcriptomics

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6. Epigenomics

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