Changes

 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Perl 5.6 was released on March 22, 2000. Major changes included&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>&nbsp;support,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode" stylestyle="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>&nbsp;string representation, large file support (i.e. files over 2 GiB) and the &quot;our&quot; keyword.<sup id="cite_ref-56delta_25-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-56delta-25" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[25]</a></sup><sup id><a href="cite_ref-561delta_26-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-561delta-26" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[26]</a></sup>&nbsp;When developing Perl 5.6, the decision was made to switch the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_versioning" title="Software versioning" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Software versioning">versioning</a>&nbsp;scheme to one more similar to other open source projects; after 5.005_63, the next version became 5.5.640, with plans for development versions to have odd numbers and stable versions to have even numbers.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">>In 2000, Wall put forth a call for suggestions for a new version of Perl from the community. The process resulted in 361 RFC (request for comments) documents that were to be used in guiding development of Perl 6. In 2001,<sup id><a href="cite_ref-27" class="reference" style="line-heighthttp: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:///en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[27]</a></sup>&nbsp;work began on the apocalypses for&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_6" title="Perl 6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>, a series of documents meant to summarize the change requests and present the design of the next generation of Perl. They were presented as a digest of the RFCs, rather than a formal document. At this point, Perl 6 existed only as a description of a language.</p> <p style="margin: 0>Perl 5.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Perl 5.8 was first 8 was first released on July 18, 2002, and had nearly yearly updates since then. Perl 5.8 improved Unicode support, added a new I/O implementation, added a new thread implementation, improved numeric accuracy, and added several new modules.<sup id><a href="cite_refhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-perl58delta_28-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-perl58deltaperl58delta-28" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[28]</a></sup>&nbsp;As of 2013 this version still remains the most popular version of Perl and is used by Red Hat 5, Suse 10, Solaris 10, HP-UX 11.33 and AIX 5.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">In 2004, work began on the Synopses &ndash; documents that originally summarized the Apocalypses, but which became the specification for the Perl 6 language. In February 2005,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey_Tang" title="Audrey Tang" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Audrey Tang">Audrey Tang</a>&nbsp;began work on&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pugs" title="Pugs" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Pugs">Pugs</a>, a Perl 6 interpreter written in&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)" title="Haskell (programming language)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Haskell (programming language)">Haskell</a>.<sup id><a href="cite_refhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-29" class="reference" style="linetext-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-29" style="text-decorationdecoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[29]</a></sup>&nbsp;This was the first concerted effort towards making Perl 6 a reality. This effort stalled in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-30" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[30]</a></sup></p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">On December 18, 2007, the >On December 18, 2007, the 20th anniversary of Perl 1.0, Perl 5.10.0 was released. Perl 5.10.0 included notable new features, which brought it closer to&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_6" title="Perl 6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>. These included a&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_statement" title="Switch statement" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Switch statement">switch statement</a>&nbsp;(called &quot;given&quot;/&quot;when&quot;), regular expressions updates, and the smart match operator, &quot;~~&quot;.<sup id="cite_ref-5100delta_31-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5100delta-31" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[31]</a></sup><sup id><a href="cite_ref-perlsyn-smart_32-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://enhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-perlsyn-smart-32" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[32]</a></sup>&nbsp;Around this same time, development began in earnest on another implementation of Perl 6 known as&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakudo_Perl" titlestyle="Rakudo Perl" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decorationtext-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Rakudo Perl">Rakudo Perl</a>, developed in tandem with the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot_virtual_machine" title="Parrot virtual machine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Parrot virtual machine">Parrot virtual machine</a>. As of November 2009, Rakudo Perl has had regular monthly releases and now is the most complete implementation of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_6" title="Perl 6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">>A major change in the development process of Perl 5 occurred with Perl 5.11; the development community has switched to a monthly release cycle of development releases, with a yearly schedule of stable releases. By that plan, bugfix point releases will follow the stable releases every three months.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">On April 12, 2010, Perl 5.12>On April 12, 2010, Perl 5.12.0 was released. Notable core enhancements include new&nbsp;<code style="font-family: monospace, Courier; color: black; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-radius: 2px; padding: 1px 4px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">package NAME VERSION</>package NAME VERSION</code>&nbsp;syntax, the Yada Yada operator (intended to mark placeholder code that is not yet implemented), implicit strictures, full&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y2038" titlestyle="Y2038" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decorationtext-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Y2038">Y2038</a>&nbsp;compliance, regex conversion overloading,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTrace" title="DTrace" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="DTrace">DTrace</a>&nbsp;support, and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>&nbsp;5.2.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-5120delta_33-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5120delta-33" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[33]</a></sup>&nbsp;On January 21, 2011, Perl 5.12.3 was released; it contains updated modules and some documentation changes.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-5123delta_34-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5123delta-34" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[34]</a></sup>&nbsp;Version 5.12.4 was released on June 20, 2011. The latest version of that branch, 5.12.5, was released on November 10, 2012.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">On May 14, 2011, Perl 5>On May 14, 2011, Perl 5.14 was released.&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON" title="JSON" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="JSON">JSON</a>&nbsp;support is built-in as of 5.14.2. The latest version of that branch, 5.14.4, was released on March 10, 2013.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">On >On May 20, 2012, Perl 5.16 was released. Notable new features include the ability to specify a given version of Perl that one wishes to emulate, allowing users to upgrade their version of Perl, but still run old scripts that would normally be incompatible.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-5160delta_version_35-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="httphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5160delta_version-35" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[35]</a></sup>&nbsp;Perl 5.16 also updates the core to support&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>&nbsp;6.1.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-5160delta_version_35-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="httphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5160delta_version-35" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[35]</a></sup></p> <p style="margin: 0>On May 18, 2013, Perl 5.5em 0px; line-height: 1718 was released.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">On May 18, 2013, Perl 5.18 was released. Notable Notable new features include the new dtrace hooks, lexical subs, more CORE:: subs, overhaul of the hash for security reasons, support for Unicode 6.2.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-5180delta_version_36-0" class="reference" style="line-heighthttp: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:///en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5180delta_version-36" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[36]</a></sup></p> <p style="margin: 0>On May 27, 2014, Perl 5.5em 0px; line-height: 1720 was released.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">On May 27, 2014, Perl 5.20 was released. Notable Notable new features include subroutine signatures, hash slices/new slice syntax, postfix dereferencing (experimental), Unicode 6.3, rand() using consistent random number generator.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-5200delta_version_37-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="httphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5200delta_version-37" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[37]</a></sup></p> <p style="margin: 0>Some observers credit the release of Perl 5.5em 0px; line-height: 1710 with the start of the Modern Perl movement.9200000762939px^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-38" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); fontwhite-familyspace: sans-serifnowrap; font-sizebackground: 14pxnone;">Some observers credit [38]</a>}&nbsp;In particular, this phrase describes a style of development that embraces the release use of Perl 5.10 with the start CPAN, takes advantage of recent developments in the Modern Perl movementlanguage, and is rigorous about creating high quality code.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-3839" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3839]</a></sup>&nbsp;In particular, this phrase describes a style of development that embraces the use of the CPAN, takes advantage of recent developments in the language, and is rigorous about creating high quality code.While the book &quot;Modern Perl&quot;<sup id><a href="cite_ref-39" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-3940" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3940]</a></sup>&nbsp;While may be the book &quot;Modern most visible standard-bearer of this idea, other groups such as the Enlightened Perl&quot;Organization<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-4041" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4041]</a></sup>&nbsp;may be have taken up the most visible standard-bearer of this idea, other groups such as the Enlightened cause.</p> <p>In late 2012 and 2013 several projects for alternative implementations for Perl Organization5 started: Perl5 in&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-41" a class="reference" style="linemw-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;redirect"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-41Perl6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Perl6">[41]Perl6</a></sup>&nbsp;have taken up by the cause.Rakudo Perl team,</psup><p stylea href="marginhttp: 0//en.wikipedia.5em 0px; lineorg/wiki/Perl#cite_note-42" style="text-heightdecoration: 17.9200000762939pxnone; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); fontwhite-familyspace: sans-serifnowrap; font-sizebackground: 14pxnone;">In late 2012 and 2013 several projects for alternative implementations for Perl 5 started: Perl5 in[42]</a></sup>&nbsp;<a href=em>moe</em>&nbsp;by Stevan Little and friends,^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl6" title="Perl6" class="mwPerl#cite_note-redirect43" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Perl6[43]</a>&nbsp;by the Rakudo Perl team,}<em>p2</em><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-4244" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4244]</a></sup>&nbsp;<iby the Perl11 team under Reini Urban,&nbsp;<em>moegperl</iem>&nbsp;by Stevan Little and friendsgoccy,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-4345" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4345]</a></sup>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<iem>p2rperl</iem>&nbsp;a kickstarter project led by Will Braswell and affiliated with the Perll11 project.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-44" class="reference" style="line-heighthttp: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:///en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-4446" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4446]</a></sup>&nbsp;by the Perl11 team under Reini Urban,&nbsp;<i/p>gperl </ih3>Name</h3> <p>Perl was originally named &nbspquot;by goccy,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolatePearl&quot; font-size: 11.1999998092651pxWall wanted to give the language a short name with positive connotations;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_notehe claims that he considered (and rejected) every three-45and four-letter word in the dictionary. He also considered naming it after his wife Gloria. Wall discovered the existing&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEARL_(programming_language)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: background: none;" title="PEARL (programming language)">[45]PEARL</a></sup>&nbsp;andprogramming language before Perl&nbsp#39;s official release and changed the spelling of the name.<isup>rperl</i>&nbsp;a kickstarter project led by Will Braswell and affiliated with the Perll11 project.<sup ida href="cite_refhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-richardson1999-46" class="reference47" style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-46" style="text-decoration: nonenone; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4647]</a></sup></p> <h3 style="margin: 0p>When referring to the language, the name is normally capitalized (<em>Perl</em>) as a proper noun.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; paddingWhen referring to the interpreter program itself, the name is often uncapitalized (<em>perl</em>) because most Unix-bottom: 0px; borderlike file systems are case-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1sensitive.6Before the release of the first edition of&nbsp; font-family: sans-serif<em>Programming Perl</em>, it was common to refer to the language as&nbsp; background-image: none<em>perl</em>; background-attachment<a href="http: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randal_L._Schwartz" style="text-clipdecoration: initialnone; background-positioncolor: initialrgb(11, 0, 128); background-repeat: initialnone;"><span classtitle="mw-headline" id="NameRandal L. Schwartz">NameRandal L. Schwartz</spana>, however, capitalized the language&#39;s name in the book to make it stand out better when typeset. This case distinction was subsequently documented as canonical.</h3sup><p stylea href="marginhttp: 0//en.5em 0px; linewikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-capitalization-48" style="text-heightdecoration: 17.9200000762939pxnone; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); fontwhite-familyspace: sans-serifnowrap; font-sizebackground: 14pxnone;">Perl was originally named &quot;Pearl[48]</a></sup></p> <p>The name is occasionally expanded as&quotnbsp;. Wall wanted to give the language <em>Practical Extraction and Report Language</em>, but this is a short name with positive connotations; he claims that he considered (and rejected) every three- and four-letter word in the dictionary. He also considered naming it after his wife Gloria. Wall discovered the existing&&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEARL_(programming_language)Backronym" titlestyle="PEARL (programming language)" style="text-text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Backronym">PEARLbackronym</a>&nbsp;programming language before Perl's official release and changed the spelling of the name.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-richardson1999_47-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://enhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-richardson1999-4749" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4749]</a></sup>&nbsp;Other expansions have been suggested as equally canonical, including Wall&#39;s own humorous&nbsp;<em>Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister</em>.^{</p><p stylea href="marginhttp: 0//en.5em 0px; line-height: 17wikipedia.9200000762939px; org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-50" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); fontwhite-familyspace: sans-serifnowrap; font-sizebackground: 14pxnone;">When referring to the language, the name is normally capitalized ([50]<i/a>Perl</isup>) as a proper noun. When referring to the interpreter program itself&nbsp;Indeed, Wall claims that the name is often uncapitalized (was intended to inspire many different expansions.<isup>perl<a href="http://i>) because most Unixen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-like file systems are case51" style="text-sensitive. Before the release of the first edition of&nbspdecoration: none;<i>Programming Perlcolor: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[51]</ia>, it was common to refer to the language as&nbsp;<i/sup>perl</ip>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randal_L._Schwartz" title="Randal L. Schwartz" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Randal L. Schwartz</a>, however, capitalized the language's name in the book to make it stand out better when typeset. This case distinction was subsequently documented as canonical.<sup id="cite_ref-capitalization_48-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-capitalization-48" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[48]</a>}</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The name is occasionally expanded as&nbsp;<i>Practical Extraction and Report Language</i>, but this is a&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backronym" title="Backronym" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">backronym</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-49" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[49]</a></sup>&nbsp;Other expansions have been suggested as equally canonical, including Wall's own humorous&nbsp;<i>Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-50" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[50]</a></sup>&nbsp;Indeed, Wall claims that the name was intended to inspire many different expansions.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-51" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[51]</a></sup></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Camel_symbol"h3>Camel symbol</span></h3> 

<div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 3px; font-size: 13.1600008010864px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 146px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Perl-camel-small.png" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/00/Perl-camel-small.png" widthstyle="144" height="149" class="thumbimage" databackground-file-width="144" data-file-height="149" style="color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); height:149px; vertical-align: middle; background-colorwidth: rgb(255, 255, 255);144px" /></a> 

The Camel symbol used by O'&#39;Reilly Media</div>

 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><iem>Programming Perl</iem>, published by&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="O'Reilly Media">O'&#39;Reilly Media</a>, features a picture of a&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel" title="Camel" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Camel">dromedary camel</a>&nbsp;on the cover and is commonly called the &quot;Camel Book&quot;.<sup id="cite_ref-schwartz01_52-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-schwartz01-52" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[52]</a></sup>&nbsp;This image of a camel has become an unofficial symbol of Perl as well as a general&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_(programmer_subculture)" title="Hacker (programmer subculture)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Hacker (programmer subculture)">hacker</a>&nbsp;emblem, appearing on T-shirts and other clothing items.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">O'&#39;Reilly owns the image as a&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Trademark">trademark</a>&nbsp;but licenses it for&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-commercial" title="Non-commercial" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Non-commercial">non-commercial</a>&nbsp;use, requiring only an acknowledgement and a link to www.perl.com. Licensing for commercial use is decided on a case by case basis.<sup id="cite_ref-camel_53-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-camel-53" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[53]</a></sup>&nbsp;O'&#39;Reilly also provides &quot;Programming Republic of Perl&quot; logos for non-commercial sites and &quot;Powered by Perl&quot; buttons for any site that uses Perl.<sup id="cite_ref-camel_53-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-camel-53" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[53]</a></sup></p> <h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Onion_symbol">Onion symbol</span></h3> 

<div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 3px; font-size: 13.1600008010864px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 66px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Onion_64x64.png" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Onion_64x64.png" widthstyle="64" height="64" class="thumbimage" databackground-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" style="color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); height:64px; vertical-align: middle; background-colorwidth: rgb(255, 255, 255);64px" /></a> 

<div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 3px; font-size: 13.1600008010864px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 202px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Camelia.svg" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Camelia.svg/200px-Camelia.svg.png" widthstyle="200" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Camelia.svg/300pxbackground-Camelia.svg.png 1.5xcolor:rgb(255, 255, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Camelia.svg/400px-Camelia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="693" style="255); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); height:146px; vertical-align: middle; background-colorwidth: rgb(255, 255, 255);200px" /></a> 

<iem>Camelia</iem>, the logo for the Perl 6 project.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 9.89632034301758px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-84" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[84]</a></sup></div>

 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">At the 2000&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Reilly_Open_Source_Convention" titlestyle="O'Reilly Open Source Convention" style="texttext-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="O'Reilly Open Source Convention">Perl Conference</a>,&nbsp;<a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jon_Orwant&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" classstyle="new" title="Jon Orwant (page does not exist)" style="text-decorationtext-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" title="Jon Orwant (page does not exist)">Jon Orwant</a>&nbsp;made a case for a major new language-initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;">><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-85" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[85]</a></sup>&nbsp;This led to a decision to begin work on a redesign of the language, to be called Perl 6. Proposals for new language features were solicited from the Perl community at large, which submitted more than 300&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_for_Comments" titlestyle="Request for Comments" style="text-text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Request for Comments">RFCs</a>.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Wall spent the next few years digesting >Wall spent the next few years digesting the RFCs and synthesizing them into a coherent framework for Perl 6. He has presented his design for Perl 6 in a series of documents called &quot;apocalypses&quot; - numbered to correspond to chapters in&nbsp;<iem>Programming Perl</iem>. As of January 2011, the developing specification of Perl 6 is encapsulated in design documents called Synopses - numbered to correspond to Apocalypses.<sup id><a href="cite_refhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-syn6_86syn6-0" class="reference86" style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1none; unicode-bidicolor: -webkit-isolatergb(11, 0, 128); fontwhite-sizespace: nowrap; background: 11.1999998092651pxnone;">[86]</a href="http:></sup></en.wikipediap> <p>Perl 6 is not intended to be backward compatible, although there will be a compatibility mode.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-syn6-86" style6 and Perl 5 are distinct languages with a common ancestry.^{<a href="text-decorationhttp: none; color//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-perl6dev-87" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8687]</a>}</p> <p style=>Thesis work by&nbsp;<a href="marginhttp: 0//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradley_M.5em 0px; line_Kuhn" style="text-heightdecoration: 17.9200000762939pxnone; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); font-familybackground: sans-serif; font-size: 14pxnone;" title="Bradley M. Kuhn">Perl 6 is not intended to be backward compatibleBradley M. Kuhn</a>, overseen by Wall, although there will be considered the possible use of the&nbsp;<a compatibility modehref="http://en. Perl 6 and Perl 5 are distinct languages with a common ancestrywikipedia.<sup id="cite_ref-perl6dev_87-0" class="referenceorg/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1none; unicode-bidicolor: -webkit-isolatergb(11, 0, 128); font-sizebackground: 11.1999998092651pxnone;" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a href=">&nbsp;as a runtime for Perl.^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-perl6dev-8788" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8788]</a>}</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px&nbsp;Kuhn&#39; line-height: 17s thesis showed this approach to be problematic.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37In 2001, 37, 37); fontit was decided that Perl 6 would run on a cross-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Thesis work bylanguage&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradley_M._Kuhn" title="Bradley M. KuhnVirtual_machine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Virtual machine">Bradley M. Kuhnvirtual machine</a>, overseen by Wall, considered the possible use of the&nbsp;called&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_virtual_machineParrot_virtual_machine" titlestyle="Java virtual machine" style="texttext-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Java title="Parrot virtual machine">Parrot</a>. This will mean that other languages targeting the Parrot will gain native access to&nbsp;as <a runtime for Perl.<sup idhref="cite_ref-88" class="referencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPAN" style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1none; unicode-bidicolor: -webkit-isolatergb(11, 0, 128); font-sizebackground: 11.1999998092651pxnone;" title="CPAN">CPAN</a href="http>, allowing some level of cross-language development.</p> <p>In 2005,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-88" Audrey_Tang" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Audrey Tang">[88]Audrey Tang</a></sup>&nbsp;Kuhn's thesis showed this approach to be problematic. In 2001, it was decided that Perl 6 would run on a cross-language&nbspcreated the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machinePugs" titlestyle="Virtual machine" style="texttext-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Pugs">virtual machinepugs</a>&nbsp;calledproject, an implementation of Perl 6 in&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot_virtual_machineHaskell_(programming_language)" titlestyle="Parrot virtual machine" style="texttext-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Haskell (programming language)">ParrotHaskell</a>. This will mean that other languages targeting the Parrot will gain native access to&nbsp;<acted as, and continues to act as, a href="http://entest platform for the Perl 6 language (separate from the development of the actual implementation) - allowing the language designers to explore.wikipedia.orgThe pugs project spawned an active Perl/wiki/CPAN" titleHaskell cross-language community centered around the&nbsp;<a href="CPANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenode" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Freenode">CPANfreenode</a>, allowing some level of cross-language development&nbsp;#perl6 IRC channel.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17>As of 2012, a number of features in the Perl 6 language show similarities to Haskell.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37</p> <p>As of 2012, 37, 37); font-familyPerl 6 development centers primarily around two compilers: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"^{In 2005,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey_TangPerl#cite_note-89" titlestyle="Audrey Tang" style="text-text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Audrey Tang[89]</a>&nbsp;created the&nbsp;<a href="http:/sup></p> <ol> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pugs" title="PugsRakudo_Perl_6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">pugstitle="Rakudo Perl 6">Rakudo Perl 6</a>&nbsp;project, an implementation of Perl 6 inrunning on the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)Parrot_virtual_machine" titlestyle="Haskell (programming language)" style="text-text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Parrot virtual machine">HaskellParrot virtual machine</a>. This acted as, &nbsp;and continues to act as, the&nbsp;<a test platform for the Perl 6 language (separate from the development of the actual implementation) - allowing the language designers to explore. The pugs project spawned an active Perlhref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell crossJava_virtual_machine" style="text-language community centered around the&nbspdecoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;<a href" title="http:Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a>.^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenode" title="FreenodePerl#cite_note-90" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">freenode[90]</a>}&nbsp;Developers are also working on&nbsp;#perl6 IRC channel.<a href="http:/p><p /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoarVM" style="margin: 0.5em 0px; linetext-heightdecoration: 17.9200000762939pxnone; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); font-familybackground: sans-serif; font-size: 14pxnone;"title="MoarVM">MoarVM</a>As of 2012, a number of features in the Perl 6 C language show similarities to Haskell.</p-based virtual machine designed specifically for Rakudo.^{<p stylea href="marginhttp: 0//en.5em 0px; line-height: 17wikipedia.9200000762939px; color: org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-91" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); fontwhite-familyspace: sans-serifnowrap; font-sizebackground: 14pxnone;">As of 2012, Perl 6 development centers primarily around two compilers:[91]</a></sup id></li> <li><a class="cite_refmw-89redirect" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a hrefhref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-89Niecza" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; backgroundbackground: none;" title="Niecza">[89]Niecza</a>, which targets the&nbsp;}</p><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakudo_Perl_6" title="Rakudo Perl 6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Rakudo Perl 6</a>, an implementation running on the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot_virtual_machine" title="Parrot virtual machine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Parrot virtual machine</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Java virtual machine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-90" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[90]</a>}&nbsp;Developers are also working on&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoarVM" title="MoarVM" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">MoarVM</a>, a C language-based virtual machine designed specifically for Rakudo.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-91" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[91]</a></sup></li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http:a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niecza" title="Niecza" class="mw-redirectCommon_Language_Runtime" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Niecza</a>, which targets the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Runtime" title="Common Language Runtime" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Common Language Runtime</a>.</li>

 <h2 >Future of Perl 5<span style="font-weightfamily: normalsans-serif; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; borderfont-bottom-widthsize: 1px; border-bottom-small"><span style: solid; border-bottom-="color: rgb(17085, 17085, 17085); font-family">[</span><a href="http: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.3php?title=Perl&amp; backgroundaction=edit&amp;section=19" style="text-imagedecoration: none; background-attachmentcolor: initialrgb(11, 0, 128); background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initialnone;"><span classtitle="mw-headline" id="Future_of_Perl_5">Edit section: Future of Perl 5">edit</spana><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-selectcolor: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"rgb(85, 85, 85)">]</span></span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style></h2> <p>Development of Perl 5 is also continuing. Perl 5.12.0 was released in April 2010 with some new features influenced by the design of Perl 6.,^{<a href="margin-righthttp: 0px//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5120delta-33" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(8511, 850, 85128); marginwhite-leftspace: nowrap; background: 0pxnone;">[33]</spana><a href/sup>^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wwiki/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Future of Perl 5#cite_note-heise2010-92" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); backgroundwhite-space: nowrap; background: none;">edit[92]</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px/sup>&nbsp; color: rgbfollowed by Perl 5.14.1 (85released on June 17, 852011), 85); margin-right: 0px;">]Perl 5.16.1 (released on August 9, 2012.</spansup></span></h2><p stylea href="marginhttp: 0//en.wikipedia.5em 0px; lineorg/wiki/Perl#cite_note-93" style="text-heightdecoration: 17.9200000762939pxnone; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); fontwhite-familyspace: sans-serifnowrap; font-sizebackground: 14pxnone;">Development of Perl 5 is also continuing. [93]</a>}), and Perl 5.1218.0 was (released in April 2010 with some new features influenced by the design of on May 18, 2013). Perl 6.5 development versions are released on a monthly basis,<sup id="cite_ref-5120delta_33-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11with major releases coming out once per year.1999998092651px;"^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5120delta-3394" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3394]</a>}<sup id="cite_ref-heise2010_92-0" /p> <p>Future plans for Perl 5 include making the core language easier to extend from modules, and providing a small, extensible&nbsp;<a class="referencemw-redirect" stylehref="line-heighthttp: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:////en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_noteMeta-heise2010-92object_protocol" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Meta-object protocol">[92]Meta-object protocol</a>}&nbsp;followed by Perl 5.14.1 (released on June 17, 2011), Perl 5.16.1 (released on August 9, 2012in core.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-93" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-9395" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9395]</a></sup>), and Perl 5.18.0 (released on May 18, 2013). </p> <p>The relative proportion of searches for &#39;Perl 5 development versions are released on a monthly basisprogramming&#39;, as compared with major releases coming out once per yearsimilar searches for other programming languages, steadily declined from about 10% in 2005 to about 2% in 2011, and has remained around the 2% level since.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-94" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="httphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-9496" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9496]</a></sup></p> <h2>Perl community<p span style="marginfont-family: 0.5em 0pxsans-serif; linefont-heightsize: 17.9200000762939px; small"><span style="color: rgb(3785, 3785, 3785); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Future plans for Perl 5 include making the core language easier to extend from modules, and providing a small, extensible&nbsp;<a href="[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiw/Meta-object_protocolindex.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" titlestyle="Meta-object protocol" class="mw-redirect" style="texttext-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Edit section: Perl community">Meta-object protocoledit</a>&nbsp;in core.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference" span style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;color:rgb(85, 85, 85)">]<a href="http:/span></en.wikipedia.orgspan></wiki/Perlh2> <p>Perl&#cite_note-9539;s culture and community has developed alongside the language itself.&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Usenet">[95]Usenet</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px&nbsp; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37was the first public venue in which Perl was introduced, 37but over the course of its evolution, 37)Perl&#39; fonts community was shaped by the growth of broadening Internet-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The relative proportion based services including the introduction of searches for 'the World Wide Web. The community that surrounds Perl programming'was, as compared with similar searches for other programming languages, steadily declined from about 10% in 2005 to about 2% in 2011fact, and has remained around the 2% level since.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference" style="line-height: 1topic of Wall&#39;s first &quot; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolateState of the Onion&quot; font-size: 11talk.1999998092651px;"^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-9697" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9697]</a>}</p> <h2 h3>State of the Onion<span style="font-weightsize: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-small"><span style: solid; border-bottom-="color: rgb(17085, 17085, 17085); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[</span class><a href="mw-headline" idhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title="Perl_community">Perl community</span><span class&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21"mw-editsection" stylestyle="text-webkit-user-selectdecoration: none; font-sizecolor: smallrgb(11, 0, 128); margin-leftbackground: 1emnone; vertical-align" title="Edit section: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"State of the Onion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[]</span><a href/span></h3> <p>State of the Onion is the name for Wall&rsquo;s yearly&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wwiki/index.php?titleKeynote" style=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Perl community" style="text-decoration: none"text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Keynote">editkeynote</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0pxsummaries on the progress of Perl and its community. They are characterized by his hallmark humor, employing references to Perl&rsquo; color: rgb(85s culture, 85the wider hacker culture, 85)Wall&rsquo; margin-right: 0pxs linguistic background, sometimes his family life, and occasionally even his&nbsp;<a href=">]<http://span><en.wikipedia.org/span><wiki/h2><p Christian" style="margintext-decoration: 0.5em 0pxnone; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; colorcolor: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); font-familybackground: sans-serif; font-size: 14pxnone;"title="Christian">Christian</a>Perl's culture and community has developed alongside the language itself.&nbsp;background.^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet" title="UsenetPerl#cite_note-98" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Usenet[98]</a>&nbsp;was the}</p> <p>Each talk is first public venue in which given at various Perl was introduced, but over the course of its evolution, conferences and is eventually also published online.</p> <h3>Perl's community was shaped by the growth of broadening Internetpastimes<span style="font-based services including the introduction of the World Wide Web. The community that surrounds Perl was, in fact, the topic of Wall's first &quot;State of the Onion&quot; talk.size:small"><sup idspan style="cite_ref-97" class="reference" style="line-heightcolor: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;rgb(85, 85, 85)">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiw/index.php?title=Perl#cite_note-97&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Edit section: Perl pastimes">[97]edit</a></sup></p><h3 span style="margincolor: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-heightrgb(85, 85, 85)">]</span></span></h3> <p>JAPHs</p> <p>In email, Usenet, and message board postings, &quot;<a href="http: 1//en.wikipedia.6; font-family: sans-serif; backgroundorg/wiki/Just_another_Perl_hacker" style="text-imagedecoration: none; background-attachmentcolor: initialrgb(11, 0, 128); background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initialnone;"><span classtitle="mw-headline" id="State_of_the_OnionJust another Perl hacker">State of the OnionJust another Perl hacker</spana>&quot; (JAPH) programs are a common trend, originated by&nbsp;<span classa href="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-selecthttp: none; font//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randal_L._Schwartz" style="text-sizedecoration: smallnone; font-weightcolor: normalrgb(11, 0, 128); margin-leftbackground: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolatenone;" title="Randal L. Schwartz">Randal L. Schwartz</a>, one of the earliest professional Perl trainers.^{<span classa href="mwhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-editsection-bracket99" style="margintext-rightdecoration: 0pxnone; color: rgb(8511, 850, 85128); marginwhite-leftspace: nowrap; background: 0pxnone;">[99]</spana><a href="http://ensup>&nbsp;In the parlance of Perl culture, Perl programmers are known as Perl hackers, and from this derives the practice of writing short programs to print out the phrase &quot;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wwiki/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: State of the OnionJust_another_Perl_hacker" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Just another Perl hacker">editJust another Perl hacker</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px,&quot; color: rgb(85. In the spirit of the original concept, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]these programs are moderately obfuscated and short enough to fit into the signature of an email or Usenet message. The &quot;canonical&quot; JAPH as developed by Schwartz includes the comma at the end, although this is often omitted.</spansup><a href="http:/span></h3><p en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-100" style="margin: 0.5em 0px; linetext-heightdecoration: 17.9200000762939pxnone; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); fontwhite-familyspace: sans-serifnowrap; font-sizebackground: 14pxnone;">State of the Onion is the name for Wall&rsquo;s yearly&nbsp;[100]</a href="http:>}</en.wikipedia.orgp> <p>Perl golf</wiki/Keynote" title="Keynote" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">keynotep> </ap>-style summaries on the progress of Perl and its community. They are characterized by his hallmark humor, employing references to Perl&rsquoquot;golf&quot;s culture, is the pastime of reducing the wider hacker culture, Wallnumber of characters (key &quot;strokes&rsquoquot;s linguistic background, sometimes his family life) used in a Perl program to the bare minimum, and occasionally even hismuch in the same way that&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian" title="ChristianGolf" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Golf">Christiangolf</a>&nbsp;background.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11players seek to take as few shots as possible in a round.1999998092651pxThe phrase&#39;"s first use^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-98" style="textperl-golf-coined-101" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[98101]</a>}</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px&nbsp; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37emphasized the difference between pedestrian code meant to teach a newcomer and terse hacks likely to amuse experienced Perl programmers, 37, 37)an example of the latter being&nbsp; font<a class="mw-familyredirect" href="http: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Each talk is first given at various Perl conferences and is eventually also published online//en.wikipedia.<org/wiki/p><h3 JAPH" style="margintext-decoration: 0.3em 0px 0pxnone; overflow: hidden; padding-topcolor: rgb(11, 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial" title="JAPH">JAPHs</a>&nbsp; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initialthat were already used in signatures in Usenet postings and elsewhere. Similar stunts had been an unnamed pastime in the language&nbsp;"><span classa href="mw-headline" id="Perl_pastimes">Perl pastimes<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/span><span class="mw-editsectionAPL_(programming_language)" style="text-webkit-user-selectdecoration: none; font-sizecolor: small; font-weight: normalrgb(11, 0, 128); margin-leftbackground: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolatenone;"><span classtitle="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;APL (programming language)">[APL</spana>&nbsp;in previous decades. The use of Perl to write a program that performed&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wwiki/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Perl pastimesRSA_(algorithm)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="RSA (algorithm)">editRSA</a>&nbsp;encryption prompted a widespread and practical interest in this pastime.^{<span classa href="mwhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-editsectionrsa-bracket102" style="margintext-leftdecoration: 0pxnone; color: rgb(8511, 850, 85128); marginwhite-rightspace: 0pxnowrap; background: none;">[102]</spana></spansup>&nbsp;In subsequent years, the term &quot;</h3><dl stylea href="margin-tophttp: 0//en.wikipedia.2em; marginorg/wiki/Code_golf" style="text-bottomdecoration: 0.5emnone; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); font-familybackground: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939pxnone;"><dt styletitle="font-weight: boldCode golf">code golf</a>&quot; margin-bottom: 0has been applied to the pastime in other languages.1em;">JAPHs</dtsup><dd stylea href="line-heighthttp: 1//en.5em; margin-left: 1wikipedia.6em; marginorg/wiki/Perl#cite_note-103" style="text-bottomdecoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0.1em, 128); marginwhite-rightspace: nowrap; background: 0pxnone;">In email, Usenet, and message board postings, [103]</a>}&nbsp;A&quotnbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_another_Perl_hacker" title="Just another Perl hackerPerl_Golf_Apocalypse" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Perl Golf Apocalypse">Just another Perl hackerGolf Apocalypse</a>&quotnbsp; (JAPH) programs are a common trendwas held at Perl Conference 4.0 in Monterey, California in July 2000.</p> <p>Obfuscation</p> <p>As with C, originated by&nbsp;<a hrefclass="httpmw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randal_L._Schwartz" title="Randal L. SchwartzObfuscated_code" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Obfuscated code">Randal L. Schwartzobfuscated code</a>, one of &nbsp;competitions were a well known pastime in the earliest professional Perl trainerslate 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference" style="line-height: 1The&nbsp; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-99Obfuscated_Perl_Contest" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Obfuscated Perl Contest">[99]Obfuscated Perl Contest</a></sup>&nbsp;In the parlance of Perl culture, Perl programmers are known as Perl hackers, and from this derives the practice of writing short programs to print out the phrase &quot;<a href=was a competition held by&nbsp;<a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiw/Just_another_Perl_hacker" index.php?title="Just another Perl hackerThe_Perl_Journal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11165, 088, 12888); background: none;" title="The Perl Journal (page does not exist)">Just another The Perl hackerJournal</a>,&quotnbsp;. In the spirit from 1996 to 2000 that made an arch virtue of the original concept, these programs are moderately obfuscated and short enough to fit into the signature of an email or Usenet messagePerl&#39;s syntactic flexibility. The Awards were given for categories such as &quot;canonicalmost powerful&quot; JAPH as developed by Schwartz includes the comma at &mdash;programs that made efficient use of space&mdash;and &quot;best four-line signature&quot; for programs that fit into four lines of 76 characters in the end, although this is often omitted.style of a Usenet&nbsp;<sup ida href="cite_ref-100" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-100Signature_block" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[100]title="Signature block">signature block</a>.</sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/dd><dt wiki/Perl#cite_note-gallo03-104" style="fonttext-weightdecoration: boldnone; margin-bottomcolor: rgb(11, 0.1em, 128);">Perl golf</dt><dd style="linewhite-heightspace: 1.5emnowrap; margin-leftbackground: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0pxnone;">Perl &quot;golf&quot; [104]</a></sup></p> <p>Poetry</p> <p>Perl poetry is the pastime practice of reducing writing poems that can be compiled as legal Perl code, for example the number of characters (key &quot;strokes&quot;) used in a Perl program to the bare minimum, much in the same way thatpiece known as&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="GolfBlack_Perl" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Black Perl">golfBlack Perl</a>&nbsp;players seek to take as few shots as . Perl poetry is made possible by the large number of English words that are used in a roundthe Perl language. The phrase's first useNew poems are regularly submitted to the community at&nbsp;<sup ida href="cite_ref-perl-golf-coined_101-0" class="referencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PerlMonks" style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1none; unicode-bidicolor: -webkit-isolatergb(11, 0, 128); font-sizebackground: 11.1999998092651pxnone;" title="PerlMonks">PerlMonks</a>.^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-perl-golf-coined-101105" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[101105]</a>}&nbsp;emphasized the difference between pedestrian code meant to teach a newcomer and terse hacks likely to amuse experienced Perl programmers, an example of the latter being&nbsp;<a href</p> <h3>Perl on IRC<span style="httpfont-size://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAPHsmall" title><span style="JAPH" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: color:rgb(1185, 085, 12885); background: none;">JAPHs[</span><a>&nbsp;that were already used in signatures in Usenet postings and elsewhere. Similar stunts had been an unnamed pastime in the language&nbsp;<a href="http:/href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiw/APL_(programming_language)" index.php?title="APL (programming language)Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Edit section: Perl on IRC">APLedit</a>&nbsp;in previous decades. The use of Perl to write a program that performed&nbsp;<a hrefspan style="httpcolor:rgb(85, 85, 85)">]</span></span></h3> <p>There are a number of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_(algorithm)Internet_Relay_Chat" title="RSA (algorithm)" class="mw-redirect" stylestyle="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Internet Relay Chat">RSAIRC</a>&nbsp;encryption prompted a widespread channels that offer support for the language and practical interest in this pastimesome modules.<sup id="cite_ref-rsa_102-0" /p> <table class="referencewikitable" style="linebackground-heightcolor: 1rgb(249, 249, 249); unicodeborder-bidicollapse: collapse; border-webkitcolor:rgb(170, 170, 170); border-isolatestyle:solid; color:black; font-sizefamily: 11sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17.1999998092651px9200000762939px;margin:1em 0px"> <tbody> <a hreftr> <th style="httpbackground-color://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-rsa-102" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128rgb(242, 242, 242); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[102]</a></sup>&nbsp;In subsequent years, the term &quot;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_golf" title="Code golf" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">code golf</a>&quot; has been applied to the pastime in other languages.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-103" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[103]</a></sup>&nbsp;A&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Golf_Apocalypse" title="Perl Golf Apocalypse" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Perl Golf Apocalypse</a>&nbsp;was held at Perl Conference 4.0 in Monterey, California in July 2000.</dd><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Obfuscation</dt><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">As with C,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obfuscated_code" title="Obfuscated code" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">obfuscated code</a>&nbsp;competitions were a well known pastime in the late 1990s. The&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obfuscated_Perl_Contest" title="Obfuscated Perl Contest" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Obfuscated Perl Contest</a>&nbsp;was a competition held by&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Perl_Journal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Perl Journal (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">The Perl Journal</a>&nbsp;from 1996 to 2000 that made an arch virtue of Perl's syntactic flexibility. Awards were given for categories such as &quot;most powerful&quot;&mdash;programs that made efficient use of space&mdash;and &quot;best four-line signature&quot; for programs that fit into four lines of 76 characters in the style of a Usenet&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature_block" title="Signature block" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">signature block</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gallo03_104-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-gallo03-104" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[104]</a></sup></dd><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Poetry</dt><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">Perl poetry is the practice of writing poems that can be compiled as legal Perl code, for example the piece known as&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Perl" title="Black Perl" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Black Perl</a>. Perl poetry is made possible by the large number of English words that are used in the Perl language. New poems are regularly submitted to the community at&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PerlMonks" title="PerlMonks" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">PerlMonks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-105" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[105]</a></sup></dd></dl><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Perl_on_IRC">Perl on IRC</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Perl on IRC" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">There are a number of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">IRC</a>&nbsp;channels that offer support for the language and some modules.</p><table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 14px; margin: 1em 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); bordertext-collapsealign: collapse; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"> <tbody> <trcenter">IRC Network</th> <th style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">IRC Network</th> <th style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">Channels</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.freenode.net</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#perl #perl6 #cbstream #perlcafe #poe</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.perl.org</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#moose #poe #catalyst #dbix-class #perl-help #distzilla #epo #corehackers #sdl #win32 #toolchain #padre #dancer</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.slashnet.org</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#perlmonks</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.oftc.net</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#perl</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.efnet.net</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#perlhelp</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.rizon.net</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#perl</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.debian.org</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#debian-perl</td> </tr> </tbody>

 <h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="CPAN_Acme">CPAN Acme</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: CPAN Acme" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Edit section: CPAN Acme">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h3> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">There are also many examples of code written purely for entertainment on the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPAN" title="CPAN" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="CPAN">CPAN</a>.&nbsp;<code style="font-family: monospace, Courier; color: black; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-radius: 2px; padding: 1px 4px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">Lingua::Romana::Perligata</code>, for example, allows writing programs in&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Latin">Latin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-106" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[106]</a></sup>&nbsp;Upon execution of such a program, the module translates its source code into regular Perl and runs it.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The Perl community has set aside the &quot;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acme_Corporation" title="Acme Corporation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Acme Corporation">Acme</a>&quot; namespace for modules that are fun in nature (but its scope has widened to include exploratory or experimental code or any other module that is not meant to ever be used in production). Some of the Acme modules are deliberately implemented in amusing ways. This includes&nbsp;<code style="font-family: monospace, Courier; color: black; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-radius: 2px; padding: 1px 4px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">Acme::Bleach</code>, one of the first modules in the&nbsp;<code style="font-family: monospace, Courier; color: black; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-radius: 2px; padding: 1px 4px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">Acme::</code>&nbsp;namespace,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-107" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[107]</a></sup>&nbsp;which allows the program'&#39;s source code to be &quot;whitened&quot; (i.e., all characters replaced with whitespace) and yet still work.</p> <h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Example_code">Example code</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-webkitfamily:sans-user-select: noneserif; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: Example code" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Edit section: Example code">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">In older versions of Perl, one would write the&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_World" title="Hello World" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Hello World">Hello World</a>&nbsp;program as:</p> <div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi mw-code mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; font-family: monospace, Courier; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 1em; line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">

<pre class="de1" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; border: 0px none white; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2em; tab-size: 4; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: none;"> <span class="kw3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">print</span> <span class="st0" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&quot;Hello World!<span class="es0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;"strong>\n</spanstrong>&quot;</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">In later versions, which support the say statement, one can also write it as:</p> <div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi mw-code mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; font-family: monospace, Courier; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 1em; line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">

<pre class="de1" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; border: 0px none white; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2em; tab-size: 4; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: none;"> <span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>use</spanstrong> <span class="nu0" style="color: rgb(204, 102, 204);">5.010</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span> say <span class="st0" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&quot;Hello World!&quot;</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Good Perl practices require more complex programs to add the&nbsp;<tt style="font-family: monospace, Courier;">use strict;</tt>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<tt style="font-family: monospace, Courier;">use warnings;</tt>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_(programming)" title="Directive (programming)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Directive (programming)">pragmas</a>, leading into something like:</p> <div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi mw-code mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; font-family: monospace, Courier; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 1em; line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">

<pre class="de1" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; border: 0px none white; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2em; tab-size: 4; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: none;"> <span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>use</spanstrong> strict<span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span> <span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>use</spanstrong> warnings<span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

<span class="kw3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">print</span> <span class="st0" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&quot;Hello World!<span class="es0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;"strong>\n</spanstrong>&quot;</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Here is a more complex Perl program, that counts down the seconds up to a given threshold:</p> <div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi mw-code mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; font-family: monospace, Courier; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 1em; line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">

<pre class="de1" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; border: 0px none white; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2em; tab-size: 4; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: none;"> <span class="co1" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-style: italic;"em>#!/usr/bin/perl</spanem> <span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>use</spanstrong> strict<span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span> <span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>use</spanstrong> warnings<span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span> <span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>use</spanstrong> IO<span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">::</span><span class="me2" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Handle</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

<span class="kw1" style="color: rgb(177, 177, 0);">my</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">(</span> <span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$remaining</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">,</span> <span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$total</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">)</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

<span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$remaining</span> <span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">=</span> <span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$total</span> <span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">=</span> <span class="kw3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">shift</span><span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">(</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">@</span><span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>ARGV</spanstrong><span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">)</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

STDOUT<span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">-&gt;</span><span class="me1" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">autoflush</span><span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">(</span><span class="nu0" style="color: rgb(204, 102, 204);">1</span><span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">)</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

<span class="kw1" style="color: rgb(177, 177, 0);">while</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">(</span> <span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$remaining</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">)</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">{</span> <span class="kw3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">printf</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">(</span> <span class="st0" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&quot;Remaining %s/%s <span class="es0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;"strong>\r</spanstrong>&quot;</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">,</span> <span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$remaining</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">--,</span> <span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$total</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">)</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span> <span class="kw3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">sleep</span> <span class="nu0" style="color: rgb(204, 102, 204);">1</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">}</span>

<span class="kw3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">print</span> <span class="st0" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&quot;<span class="es0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;"strong>\n</spanstrong>&quot;</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The perl interpreter can also be used for one-off scripts on the command line. The following example as invoked from an sh-compatible shell such as Bash translates the string &quot;Bob&quot; in all files ending with .txt in the current directory to &quot;Robert&quot;:</p> <div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi mw-code mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; font-family: monospace, Courier; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 1em; line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">

<pre class="de1" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; border: 0px none white; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2em; tab-size: 4; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: none;"> $ <span class="kw2" style="color: rgb(194, 12, 185); font-weight: bold;"strong>perl</spanstrong> -i.bak <span class="re5" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 51);">-lp</span> <span class="re5" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 51);">-e</span> <span class="st_h" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">'&#39;s/Bob/Robert/g'&#39;</span> <span class="sy0" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>*</spanstrong>.txt

 <h2 >Criticism<span style="font-weightfamily: normalsans-serif; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; borderfont-bottom-widthsize: 1px; border-bottom-small"><span style="color: solid; border-bottom-color: rgbrgb(17085, 17085, 17085); font-family">[</span><a href="http: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.3php?title=Perl&amp; background-image: noneaction=edit&amp; backgroundsection=26" style="text-attachmentdecoration: initialnone; background-sizecolor: initialrgb(11, 0, 128); background-origin: initialnone; background-clip" title="Edit section: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;Criticism"><span class="mw-headline" id="Criticism">Criticismedit</spana><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-selectcolor: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"rgb(85, 85, 85)">]</span></span><span /h2> <p>Perl has been referred to as &quot;<a class="mw-editsection-bracketredirect" stylehref="margin-righthttp: 0px; color: rgb//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_noise" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(8511, 850, 85128); margin-leftbackground: 0pxnone;">[title="Line noise">line noise</spana>&quot; by some programmers who claim its syntax makes it a&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wwiki/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section: CriticismWrite-only_language" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit<title="Write-only language">write-only language</a>. The earliest such mention was in the first edition of the book&nbsp;<em><span classa href="mw-editsection-brackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_Perl" style="margintext-leftdecoration: 0pxnone; color: rgb(8511, 850, 85128); margin-rightbackground: 0pxnone;" title="Learning Perl">]</span>Learning Perl</spana></h2em>, a Perl 5 tutorial book written by&nbsp;<p stylea href="marginhttp: 0//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randal_L.5em 0px; line_Schwartz" style="text-heightdecoration: 17.9200000762939pxnone; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); font-familybackground: sans-serif; font-size: 14pxnone;">Perl has been referred to as &quot;<a hreftitle="http://enRandal L.wikipediaSchwartz">Randal L. Schwartz</a>,^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_noisePerl#cite_note-108" titlestyle="Line noise" class="mw-redirect" style="texttext-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">line noise[108]</a>}&quotnbsp; by some programmers who claim its syntax makes it ain the first chapter of which he states: &nbspquot;<a href="http://en.wikipediaYes, sometimes Perl looks like line noise to the uninitiated, but to the seasoned Perl programmer, it looks like checksummed line noise with a mission in life.&quot;^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WritePerl#cite_note-only_language" title="WriteLP-only language109" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); backgroundwhite-space: nowrap; background: none;">write-only language[109]</a>. The earliest such mention was in the first edition of the book}&nbsp;<iHe also stated that the accusation that Perl is a write-only language could be avoided by coding with &quot;proper care&quot;.^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_Perl" title="Learning PerlPerl#cite_note-LP-109" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">Learning Perl[109]</a></isup>, a Perl 5 tutorial book written by&nbsp;The Perl overview document&nbsp;<em>perlintro<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randal_L._Schwartz" titleem>&nbsp;states that the names of built-in &quot;magic&quot; scalar&nbsp;<a href="Randal Lhttp://en. Schwartzwikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(computer_science)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Variable (computer science)">Randal L. Schwartzvariables</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class&nbsp;&quot;look like punctuation or line noise&quot;.^{<a href="reference" style="line-heighthttp: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:///en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-108110" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[108110]</a>}&nbsp;in the first chapter of which he states: The&nbsp;<em>perlstyle</em>&quotnbsp;Yes, sometimes Perl looks like document states that line noise to in regular expressions could be mitigated using the uninitiated, but to the seasoned Perl programmer, it looks like checksummed line noise with a mission in life.&quotnbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-LP_109-0" classcode>/x</code>&nbsp;modifier to add whitespace.^{<a href="reference" style="line-heighthttp: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:////en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-LP-109111" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[109111]</a>}&nbsp;He also stated that </p> <p>According to the accusation that Perl is a write-only language could be avoided by coding with &quotnbsp;proper care<em>Perl 6 FAQ</em>, Perl 6 was designed to mitigate &quot;the usual suspects&quot; that elicit the &quot;.<sup id="cite_ref-LP_109-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1noise&quot; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolateclaim from Perl 5 critics, including the removal of &quot; font-size: 11the majority of the punctuation variables&quot; and the sanitization of the regex syntax.1999998092651px;"^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-LPP6FAQ-109112" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[109112]</a>}&nbsp;The Perl overview document&&nbsp;<iem>perlintroPerl 6 FAQ</iem>&nbsp;also states that the names of built-in what is sometimes referred to as Perl&quot#39;magics line noise is &quot; scalarthe actual syntax of the language&quot; just as&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(computer_science)" title="Variable (computer science)Gerund" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Gerund">variablesgerunds</a>&nbsp;and&quot;look like punctuation or line noise&quotnbsp;.<sup ida href="cite_ref-110http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition" classstyle="reference" style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1none; unicode-bidicolor: -webkit-isolatergb(11, 0, 128); font-sizebackground: 11.1999998092651pxnone;"><a hreftitle="Preposition and postposition">prepositions</a>&nbsp;are a part of the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-110English_language" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; backgroundbackground: none;" title="English language">[110]English language</a>.}&nbsp;The&nbsp;<i>perlstyle</i>&nbsp;document states that line noise in regular expressions could be mitigated using the&nbsp;<code style=a href="font-familyhttp: monospace, Courier//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-P6FAQ-112" style="text-decoration: none; color: black; border: 1px solid rgb(22111, 2210, 221128); borderwhite-radiusspace: 2px; padding: 1px 4pxnowrap; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249)none;">[112]</xa></codesup>&nbsp;modifier to add whitespace.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference" style="line-height: 1In a December 2012 blog posting, despite claiming that &quot; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651pxRakudo Perl 6 has failed and will continue to fail unless it gets some adult supervision&quot;,&nbsp;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-111Chromatic_(programmer)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Chromatic (programmer)">[111]chromatic</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px&nbsp;stated that the design of Perl 6 has a &quot; linewell-height: 17.9200000762939pxdefined grammar&quot; color: rgb(37as well as an &quot;improved type system, a unified object system with an intelligent metamodel, 37metaoperators, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">According to theand a clearer system of context that provides for such niceties as pervasive laziness&nbspquot;.<isup>Perl 6 FAQ</i>, a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl 6 was designed to mitigate &quot;the usual suspects&quot#cite_note-chromatic-blog-113" style="text-decoration: none; that elicit the &quotcolor: rgb(11, 0, 128);line noisewhite-space: nowrap; background: none;">[113]</a></sup>&nbsp;He also stated that &quot; claim from Perl 5 critics, including the removal of 6 has a coherence and a consistency that Perl 5 lacks.&quot;the majority of the punctuation variables&quot; and the sanitization of the regex syntax^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.<sup id="cite_reforg/wiki/Perl#cite_note-chromatic-P6FAQ_112blog-0" class="reference113" style="linetext-heightdecoration: none; color: 1rgb(11, 0, 128); unicodewhite-bidispace: -webkit-isolatenowrap; font-sizebackground: 11.1999998092651pxnone;">[113]</a href>}</p> <h2>References<span style="httpfont-family://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_notesans-serif; font-P6FAQ-112size:small" ><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(1185, 085, 12885); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[112]</aspan><a href="http://sup>&nbsp;Theen.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perl&nbspamp;<i>Perl 6 FAQ</i>action=edit&nbspamp;also states that what is sometimes referred to as Perl's line noise is &quotsection=27" style="text-decoration: none;the actual syntax of the language&quotcolor: rgb(11, 0, 128); just as&nbspbackground: none;<a href" title="httpEdit section:References">edit<//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund" title="Gerund" a><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(1185, 085, 12885); background: none;">gerunds</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition" title="Preposition and postposition" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">prepositions</a>&nbsp;are a part of the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" title="English language" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">English language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-P6FAQ_112-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-P6FAQ-112" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[112]</a></sup>&nbsp;In a December 2012 blog posting, despite claiming that &quot;Rakudo Perl 6 has failed and will continue to fail unless it gets some adult supervision&quot;,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_(programmer)" title="Chromatic (programmer)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">chromatic</a>&nbsp;stated that the design of Perl 6 has a &quot;well-defined grammar&quot; as well as an &quot;improved type system, a unified object system with an intelligent metamodel, metaoperators, and a clearer system of context that provides for such niceties as pervasive laziness&quot;.<sup id="cite_ref-chromatic-blog_113-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-chromatic-blog-113" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[113]</a></sup>&nbsp;He also stated that &quot;Perl 6 has a coherence and a consistency that Perl 5 lacks.&quot;<sup id="cite_ref-chromatic-blog_113-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-chromatic-blog-113" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[113]</a></sup></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">">]</span></span></h2> 

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Describes&nbsp;<a href="http://en791h5.wikipedia234v5.org/w/index391l-1.571%201.545-1.php?title=Modern_Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=31-1" class="new" title="Modern Perl (page does not exist)" style="text.31-2.725%202.725-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Modern Perl</a>&nbsp;programming techniques.</li> <li style="margin2.689-bottom: 02.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shop689%202.oreilly808-2.com/product/9780596004927808-1.do" style="text311-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 1001.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F% 503E% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,3Cpath%3C20d%3Fxml3D%20version22M835.424%3D20699.795l.022%221204.885-1.817-1.817-2.0881%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF202.881-8%221.228-1.228%3F202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%3E22%3Csvg20fill%20xmlns3D%3D22%22http23fff%3A22%2F%2Fwww.w3.org3E%2F20003C%2Fsvg2Fg%223E%20width3C%3D2Fg%22103E%223C%20height%3D%2210%222Fsvg%3E) 100%3Cg50%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826;">Programming Perl</a>&nbsp;4th Edition (2012), O&#39;Reilly.429%20-698The definitive Perl reference.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225</li> <li><a class="external text" href="http://www.pearsonhighered.982%22%20height%3D%225com/educator/product/Effective-Perl-Programming-Ways-to-Write-Better-More-Idiomatic-Perl-2E/9780321496942.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309page" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100%2250%20fill%3D%22%23fffno-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%223Fxml%20stroke20version%3D%221.0%22%2306c20encoding%223D%2F22UTF-8%3E22%3Cg3F%3E%3Cpath3Csvg%20d20xmlns%3D%22M831.19422http%3A%2F%206982Fwww.791h5w3.234v5.391l-1.571org%2F2000%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.7252Fsvg%202.725-2.689-2.68922%20width%3D%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z2210%22%20fill20height%3D%22%2306f2210%22%2F%3E%3Cpath3Cg%20d20transform%3D%22M835.42422translate%2069928-826.795l.022429%204.88520-1698.817-1.817-2.881791%29%202.881-1.228-1.22822%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z3E%223Crect%20fill20width%3D%22%23fff225.982%22%2F20height%3E3D%3C225.982%22%20x%3D%2Fg22826.929%3E22%3C20y%2Fg3D%3E22702.309%3C22%2Fsvg20fill%3E) 1003D% 5022%;">Programming Perl</a>&nbsp;4th Edition (2012), O'Reilly. The definitive Perl reference23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.</li> <li style="margin391l-bottom: 01.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www571%201.pearsonhighered545-1.com/educator/product/Effective31-Perl1.31-Programming2.725%202.725-Ways2.689-to2.689%202.808-Write2.808-Better1.311-More-Idiomatic-Perl-2E/97803214969421.page" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath% 5020d% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,3D%3C22M835.424%3Fxml20699.795l.022%20version%3D%221204.885-1.817-1.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF817-82.881%22202.881-1.228-1.228%3F202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%3E22%3Csvg%20xmlns20fill%3D%22http22%3A23fff%22%2F%2Fwww.w3.org3E%2F20003C%2Fsvg2Fg%223E%20width3C%3D2Fg%22103E%223C%20height%3D%2210%222Fsvg%3E) 100%3Cg50%20transform%3D%22translate%28;">Effective Perl Programming</a>&nbsp;2nd Edition (2010), Addison-826Wesley.429%20Intermediate- to advanced-698level guide to writing idiomatic Perl.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225</li> <li><em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391lorg/wiki/Perl_Cookbook" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Perl Cookbook">Perl Cookbook</a></em>,&nbsp;<a class="internal mw-magiclink-1isbn" href="http://en.571%201wikipedia.545org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0596003137" style="text-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">ISBN 0-2.689596-2.689%202.80800313-27</a>.808-1Practical Perl programming examples.311-1</li> <li>Dominus, Mark Jason (2005).311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835&nbsp;<a class="external text" href="http://hop.424%20699perl.795lplover.022%204.885com/book/" rel="nofollow" style="text-1.817decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-1.817right: 13px; background: linear-2.881gradient(transparent, transparent) 100%202.881-1.228-1.22850%202.881no-2.881-1repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.851-1.851z0%22%20fill20encoding%3D%22%23fff22UTF-8%22%2F3F%3E%3C3Csvg%2Fg20xmlns%3D%3E22http%3C3A%2Fg2F%3E2Fwww.w3.org%3C2F2000%2Fsvg%3E) 10022%20width%3D%2210%22% 5020height%;">Effective Perl Programming</a>&nbsp;2nd Edition (2010), Addison3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-Wesley826. Intermediate429%20- to advanced-level guide to writing idiomatic Perl698.</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.1em;"><i><a href="http://en982%22%20height%3D%225.wikipedia982%22%20x%3D%22826.org/wiki/Perl_Cookbook" title="Perl Cookbook" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Perl Cookbook</a></i>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.wikipedia791h5.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0596003137" class="internal mw234v5.391l-magiclink1.571%201.545-isbn" style="text1.31-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">ISBN 01.31-5962.725%202.725-003132.689-7</a>2. Practical Perl programming examples689%202.</li> <li style="margin808-bottom: 02.1em;"><span class="citation book" style="word808-wrap: break1.311-word;">Dominus, Mark Jason (2005)1.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hop311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.perl795l.plover022%204.com/book/" style="text885-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding1.817-right: 13px; background: linear1.817-gradient(transparent, transparent) 1002.881% 50202.881-1.228-1.228% no202.881-2.881-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C1.851-1.851z%3Fxml22%20version20fill%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-823fff%22%3F2F%3E%3Csvg3C%20xmlns2Fg%3D3E%22http3C%3A2Fg%2F3E%2Fwww.w3.org%2F20003C%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E) 100%3Cg50%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826;"><em>Higher Order Perl</em></a>.429%20-698Morgan Kaufmann.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225&nbsp;<a href="http://en.982%22%20height%3D%225wikipedia.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.194%20698wikipedia.791h5.234v5.391l-org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1.571%201.545-1.3155860-1.31701-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;"><i>Higher Order Perl</i></a>. Morgan Kaufmann.&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55860-701-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-55860-701-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1-55860-701-3</a>.</span>&nbsp;Functional programming techniques in Perl.</li>

 <h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-webkitfamily:sans-user-select: noneserif; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section: See also" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2> 

<table style="background:rgb(249, 249, 249); font-size: 11.8999996185303px; line-height: 13.0899991989136px; max-width: 175px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249);"> <tbody> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Free_and_open-source_software_logo_(2009).svg" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="Portal icon" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcsetsrc="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" style="border: none; height:28px; vertical-align: middle;width:28px" /></a></td> <td style="padding: 0px 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Free_software" title="Portal:Free software" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Portal:Free software">Free software portal</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:8bit-dynamiclist.gif" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="Portal icon" class="noviewer" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/8bit-dynamiclist.gif/28px-8bit-dynamiclist.gif" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/8bit-dynamiclist.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/8bit-dynamiclist.gif 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" style="border: none; height:28px; vertical-align: middle;width:28px" /></a></td> <td style="padding: 0px 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming" title="Portal:Computer programming" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Portal:Computer programming">Computer programming portal</a></td> </tr> </tbody>

 <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Perl" title="Outline of Perl" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Outline of Perl">Outline of Perl</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Data_Language" title="Perl Data Language" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Perl Data Language">Perl Data Language</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Object_Environment" title="Perl Object Environment" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Perl Object Environment">Perl Object Environment</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_Old_Documentation" title="Plain Old Documentation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Plain Old Documentation">Plain Old Documentation</a></li>

 <h2 >External links<span style="font-weightfamily: normalsans-serif; marginfont-size: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-colorsmall"><span style="color: rgb(17085, 17085, 17085); font-family">[</span><a href="http: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.3php?title=Perl&amp; background-image: noneaction=edit&amp; background-attachment: initial; backgroundsection=30" style="text-sizedecoration: initialnone; background-origincolor: initialrgb(11, 0, 128); background-clip: initialnone; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class" title="mw-headline" id="External_linksEdit section: External links">External linksedit</spana><span classstyle="mw-editsectioncolor:rgb(85, 85, 85)" style>]</span></span></h2> <table class="mbox-webkit-user-selectsmall metadata plainlinks" style="background: nonergb(249, 249, 249); fontborder-sizecolor: small; margin-left: 1emrgb(170, 170, 170); verticalborder-alignstyle: baselinesolid; line-heightclear: 1emright; displaycolor: inline-block; white-space: nowraprgb(37, 37, 37); unicode-bidifloat: -webkit-isolateright; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mwfont-editsectionsize:12.3199996948242px; line-bracket" style="margin-rightheight: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85)1.25em; margin-left: 4px 0px4px 1em;">[padding:0.25em 0.5em 0.5em 0.75em; width:238px"> </spantbody> <tr> <a hreftd colspan="http2" style="text-align:center"> <div style="clear: both;">Find more about<br /> <strong>Perl</strong><br /> at Wikipedia&#39;s&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wwiki/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" titlestyle="Edit section: External links" style="text-text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">editsister projects</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style/div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="margin-lefthttp: 0px//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perl" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(8511, 850, 85128); margin-rightbackground: 0pxnone;" title="Search Wiktionary">]<img alt="Search Wiktionary" src="http:/span></span><upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/h2><table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-smallf8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/23px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" style="font-sizeborder: 12.3199996948242pxnone; clearheight: right25px; floatvertical-align: right; margin: 4px 0px 4px 1emmiddle; width: 238px; line-height: 123px" /></a></td> <td><a class="extiw" href="http://en.25em; colorwiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perl" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(37102, 3751, 37102); font-familybackground: sans-serifnone; padding" title="wikt:Special: 0.25em 0.5em 0.5em 0.75emSearch/Perl">Definitions</a>&nbsp; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background: rgb(249, 249, 249);"from Wiktionary</td> </tr> <tbodytr> <trtd> <td colspana href="2http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Perl" style="paddingtext-bottomdecoration: 0.75emnone; border-bottom-stylecolor: solid; border-bottom-color: rgbrgb(17011, 1700, 170128); text-alignbackground: centernone;"> <div styletitle="clear: both;"Search Wikiquote">Find more about<br img alt="Search Wikiquote" src="http:/> <b>Perl</b><br /> at Wikipedia's&nbsp;<a href="http://enupload.wikipediawikimedia.org/wikiwikipedia/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projectscommons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" titlestyle="Wikipediaborder:Wikimedia sister projects" style="text-decorationnone; height: none25px; colorvertical-align: rgb(11, 0, 128)middle; backgroundwidth: none;21px"/>sister projects</a></divtd> </td> </tr> <tr stylea class="height: 25px;extiw" href="> <td style="padding-top: 0.75em;"><a href="httphttp://en.wiktionarywikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perl" title="Search Wiktionary" stylestyle="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11102, 051, 128102); background: none;"><img alttitle="Search Wiktionaryq:Perl" src="http:>Quotations</a>&nbsp;from Wikiquote</upload.wikimedia.orgtd> </wikipedia/commons/thumbtr> <tr> <td><a href="http:/f/f8commons.wikimedia.org/Wiktionary-logo-en.svgwiki/23px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.pngSpecial:Search/Perl" widthstyle="23" height="25" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/ftext-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Search Commons"><img alt="Search Commons" src="http:/f8/Wiktionary-logo-enupload.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimediawikimedia.org/wikipedia/commonsen/thumb/f4/f84a/WiktionaryCommons-logo-en..svg/46px18px-WiktionaryCommons-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" style="border: none; height:25px; vertical-align: middle;width:18px" /></a></td> <td style><a class="padding-top: 0.75em;extiw"><a href="http://encommons.wiktionarywikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perl" classstyle="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Perl" style="text-decorationtext-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: none;" title="c:Special:Search/Perl">DefinitionsMedia</a>&nbsp;from WiktionaryCommons</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 25px;">> <td><a href="http://en.wikiquotewikibooks.org/wiki/Perl" title="Search WikiquotePerl_Programming" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Search Wikibooks"><img alt="Search WikiquoteWikibooks" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WikiquoteWikibooks-logo.svg/21px25px-WikiquoteWikibooks-logo.svg.png" widthstyle="21" border:none; height="25" srcset=:25px; vertical-align:middle; width:25px"/></uploada></td> <td><a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikimediawikibooks.org/wikipediawiki/commons/thumb/f/fa/WikiquotePerl_Programming" style="text-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5xdecoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: none;" title="b:Perl Programming">Textbooks</a>&nbsp;from Wikibooks</upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumbtd> </f/fatr> <tr> <td><a href="http:/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logoen.svgwikiversity.png 2xorg/wiki/Topic:Perl" data-file-widthstyle="300" datatext-file-height="355" style="borderdecoration: none; vertical-aligncolor: middlergb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" /title="Search Wikiversity"></a></td> <td><a hrefimg alt="Search Wikiversity" src="http://enupload.wikiquotewikimedia.org/wikiwikipedia/commons/thumb/1/Perl" class="extiw1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/25px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" titlestyle="qborder:Perl" style="text-decorationnone; height: none23px; colorvertical-align: rgb(102, 51, 102)middle; backgroundwidth: none;25px"/>Quotations</a>&nbsp;from Wikiquote</td> </trtd> <tr stylea class="height: 25px;extiw"> <td><a href="http://commonsen.wikimediawikiversity.org/wiki/SpecialTopic:Search/Perl" title="Search Commons" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11102, 051, 128102); background: none;"><img alt="Search Commons" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="18" height="25" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></td> <td><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perl" class="extiw" title="c:Special:Search/Perl" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: none;">Media</a>&nbsp;from Commons</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 25px;"> <td><a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Perl_Programming" title="Search Wikibooks" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="Search Wikibooks" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" width="25" height="25" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Perl_Programming" class="extiw" title="b:Perl Programming" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: none;">Textbooks</a>&nbsp;from Wikibooks</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 25px;"> <td><a href="http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Topic:Perl" title="Search Wikiversity" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="Search Wikiversity" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/25px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" width="25" height="23" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/38px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/50px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Topic:Perl" class="extiw" title="v:Topic:Perl" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: none;">Learning resources</a>&nbsp;from Wikiversity</td> </tr> </tbody>

 <ul style> <li><a class="external text" href="line-heighthttps: 1//www.5em; margin: 0perl.3em 0px 0px 1.6emorg/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; paddingcolor: 0pxrgb(102, 51, 102); listpadding-style-imageright: url13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version20width%3D%221.12210%22%20width20height%3D%2252210%22%20height3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%221322translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%0A3Crect%3Ccircle%20cx20width%3D%222225.5982%22%20cy20height%3D%229225.5982%22%20r20x%3D%22222826.5929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c23fff%22%2F20stroke%3D%3E22%0A2306c%3C22%2Fsvg2F%3E%0A); color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-family: sans1.571%201.545-serif; font1.31-size: 14px;"> <li style="margin1.31-bottom: 02.1em;"><span class="official website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.perl808-1.org/" style="text-decoration: none; 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color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C% 502Fg% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,3E%3C%3Fxml2Fg%20version3E%3D3C%221.02Fsvg%223E) 100%20encoding50%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826;">MetaCPAN</a>&nbsp;the new Comprehensive Perl Archive Network Web interface</li> <li><a class="external text" href="http://www.cpan.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3Dorg/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100%225.98250%22no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20height20version%3D%225221.9820%22%20x20encoding%3D%22826.92922UTF-8%22%20y3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22702.30922http%223A%20fill2F%3D2Fwww.w3.org%222F2000%23fff2Fsvg%22%20stroke20width%3D%2210%22%2306c20height%3D%2210%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E20transform%3Cpath3D%20d22translate%3D28-826.429%22M83120-698.194791%20698.791h529%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.234v5982%22%20height%3D%225.391l-1.571982%20122%20x%3D%22826.545-1929%22%20y%3D%22702.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z309%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M83522M831.424194%2069920698.795l791h5.022%204234v5.885391l-1.817571%201.545-1.31-1.81731-2.881725%202.881725-12.228689-12.228689%202.881808-2.881808-1.851311-1.851z311z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff2306f%22%2F%3E%3C3Cpath%2Fg20d%3E3D%3C22M835.424%2Fg20699.795l.022%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881% 50202.881-1.228-1.228%;">MetaCPAN</a>&nbsp;the new Comprehensive Perl Archive Network Web interface</li> <li style="margin202.881-bottom: 02.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www881-1.cpan851-1.org/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E% 503C% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,2Fg%3E%3C%3Fxml2Fg%20version3E%3D3C%221.02Fsvg%223E) 100%20encoding50%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826;">Comprehensive Perl Archive Network</a>&nbsp;The canonical location for Perl code and modules</li> <li><a class="external text" href="http://www.429%20-698perlfoundation.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20xorg/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100%3D50%22826.929%22%20yno-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%22702221.3090%22%20fill20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%23fff3F%223E%20stroke3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%2222http%2306c%223A%2F%3E2Fwww.w3.org%3Cg2F2000%3E2Fsvg%3Cpath22%20d20width%3D%22M831.1942210%22%20698.791h5.234v5.391l20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-1826.571429%20120-698.545-1.31-1.31-2.725791%29%202.725-2.689-2.68922%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z3E%223Crect%20fill20width%3D%22%2306f225.982%22%2F20height%3E3D%3Cpath225.982%22%20d20x%3D%22M83522826.424929%22%20y%3D%2069922702.795l.022309%22%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.88120fill%3D%202.881-1.228-1.22822%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z23fff%22%20fill20stroke%3D%22%23fff2306c%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg3Cg%3E%3C3Cpath%2Fg20d%3E3D%3C22M831.194%2Fsvg20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%3E) 100201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725% 50202.725-2.689-2.689%;">Comprehensive Perl Archive Network</a>&nbsp;The canonical location for Perl code and modules</li> <li style="margin202.808-2.808-1.311-bottom: 01.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.perlfoundation795l.org/" style="text022%204.885-decoration: none; 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