Changhan's thoughts

20230908155250_Life is an encapsulated box where information propagates.pptx

What are life, information, and the universe? (as information processing objects)

Life

1. the condition that distinguishes animals and plants from inorganic matter, including the capacity for growth, reproduction, functional activity, and continual change preceding death. (Oxford languages)

2. Life is defined as any system capable of performing functions such as eating, metabolizing, excreting, breathing, moving, growing, reproducing, and responding to external stimuli. (Britannica)

3. Life is a quality that distinguishes matter that has biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from matter that does not, and is defined by the capacity for growth, reaction to stimuli, metabolism, energy transformation, and reproduction. (Wikipedia)

4. (Changhan's thought) Life is a system that can try to make decisions (output information) upon certain conditions (by processing input information).
Life could be classified as two classes; biological life (e.g. animals, plants) and non-biological life (e.g. computer program) as noth can process input information and produce output information.

 

 

 

Information

1. what is conveyed or represented by a particular arrangement or sequence of things (Oxford languages)

2. Information is an abstract concept that refers to that which has the power to inform. (Wikipedia)

3. facts about a situation, person, event, etc. (Cambridge dictionary)

4. (Changhan's thought) Information is any form of digits or letters which one can process to make decisions.


(Figure. Life processes and produce information)
 

Universe

1. all existing matter and space considered as a whole; the cosmos (Oxford languages)

2. a particular sphere of activity, interest, or experience (Oxford languages)

3. The universe is everything. It includes all of space, and all the matter and energy that space contains. It even includes time itself and, of course, it includes you. (NASA)

4. The universe is literally everything, the sum of all existence. (by Paul Sutter, a research professor in astrophysics at  SUNY Stony Brook University and the Flatiron Institute in New York City)

5. (Changhan's thought) The universe is a set of many lives and much information.


(Figure. Universe is a set of many lives and much information.)

 

Fractality of evolution, encapsulation, and information propagation

Fractality: A fractal is a complex geometric shapeor pattern that exhibits self-similarity at different scales. This means that as you zoom in on a small part of a fractal, you will see a pattern that resembles the overall shape of the entire fractal. (GPT-3.5) 

Fractals can be generated through iterative mathematical processes or algorithms, and they are used to model and describe many natural phenomena and complex systems in science and art. (GPT-3.5) 

Evolution: The process of change in living organisms over successive generations (GPT-3.5) 

Encapsulation: Encapsulation is one of the fundamental principles in object-oriented programming (OOP) and is often associated with the concept of "information hiding."


(Figure. Life is encapsulation of information. We can access the information by multiomics technologies. Information propagation occurs in the encapsulated box through many nodes.)

Information propagation: Information propagation refers to the process by which information spreads, spreads, or disseminates from one source or point to multiple recipients or locations.

 

 

 

What is science, biology, and omics? 

Science: the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation, experimentation, and the testing of theories against the evidence obtained.

Biology: the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution.

Omics: The branches of science known informally as omics are various disciplines in biology whose names end in the suffix -omics, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, phenomics and transcriptomics.
 

What is Genomics? 

20231006160103_Genomics.pptx Genomics is a field of biology that focuses on the study of an organism's entire genome, which is the complete set of its genetic material. Genomics encompasses the comprehensive analysis of genes, DNA sequences, and their functions within an organism.

Key aspects of genomics include:

1. Sequencing: Genomics involves the sequencing of an organism's DNA, which is the process of determining the order of nucleotides (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine) in its genome. This information is typically represented as a series of letters (A, C, G, and T) and is the foundation of genomics research.

2. Functional Analysis: Genomics seeks to understand the function of genes and their role in various biological processes. This includes identifying genes associated with specific traits, diseases, and functions.

3. Comparative Genomics: Comparative genomics involves comparing the genomes of different species to identify similarities and differences. This can provide insights into evolutionary relationships, genetic variations, and the conservation of specific genes across species.

4. Structural Genomics: Structural genomics focuses on the three-dimensional structure of proteins and other biomolecules encoded by genes. Understanding the structure of these molecules can help in drug discovery and disease understanding.

5. Functional Genomics: Functional genomics aims to determine the roles and functions of genes in cellular processes. Techniques like gene expression analysis and gene knockout studies are used to investigate gene function.

6. Personal Genomics: With advances in technology, personal genomics has become a prominent area of genomics. It involves analyzing an individual's genetic information to provide insights into their health, ancestry, and potential genetic predispositions to diseases.

Genomics has numerous applications across various fields, including medicine (medical genomics), agriculture (agricultural genomics), and evolutionary biology, among others. It has played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of genetics, human evolution, disease mechanisms, and the development of personalized medicine. Notable achievements in genomics include the Human Genome Project, which successfully mapped the entire human genome, and ongoing efforts to sequence the genomes of various organisms to gain insights into their biology and evolution.