imported>김상인 |
imported>YoungKwang Jung |
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| − | <p><strong><span style="font-size:24px"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00">What is Model organism?</span></span></strong></p>
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| − | <p><strong>A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.</strong></p>
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| − | <p>왜 MODEL ORGANISM 에 대해 ESSAY 쓰는지 </p>
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| − | <p> </p>
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| − | <p>장점 </p>
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| − | <p>단점</p>
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| − | <p> </p>
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| − | <p> </p>
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| − | <p><span style="font-size:24px"><strong><span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00">Which characteristics are good for model organism? </span></span></strong></span></p>
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| − | <p>1. Small, easy and cheap to maintain and manipulate</p>
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| − | <p>2. Short lifespan</p>
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| − | <p>3. Produce large numbers of offspring</p>
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| − | <p>4. Development is external</p>
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| − | <p>5. Availability of mutants</p>
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| − | <p>6. Lots of history/previous experiments and discoveries</p>
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| − | <p>7. Genome is sequenced</p>
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| − | <p>8. Homologues for with human disease genes are high percentage. </p>
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| − | <p>9. Fewer ethical concerns</p>
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| − | <p> </p>
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| − | <p> </p>
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| − | <p><strong><span style="color:#0000CD"><span style="font-size:26px"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00">1. Viruses</span></span></span></strong></p>
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| − | <p><strong>Phage lambda / Phi X 174 / SV40 / T4 Phage / Tobacco mosaic virus / Herpes simplex virus</strong></p>
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| − | <p> </p>
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| − | <p><strong><span style="color:#0000FF"><span style="font-size:26px"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00">2. Prokaryotes</span></span></span></strong></p>
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| − | <p><strong>Bacillus subtilis / E.coli / Caulobacter crescentus / Mycoplasma genitalium / Aliivibrio fischeri / Synechocytis / Psedomonas fluorescens </strong></p>
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| − | <p> </p>
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| − | <p><strong><span style="color:#0000FF"><span style="font-size:26px"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00">3. Eukaryotes</span></span></span></strong></p>
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| − | <p style="text-align:center"> </p>
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| − | <p><strong><span style="color:#FF0000"><span style="font-size:26px">3 - 1. Protists</span></span></strong></p>
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| − | <p><strong>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Dictyostelium discoideum / Tetrahymena thermophila / Emiliania huxleyi / Thalassiosira pseudonana </strong></p>
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| − | <p><strong><span style="color:#FF0000"><span style="font-size:26px">3 - 2. Fungi</span></span></strong></p>
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| − | <p><strong>Ashbya gossypii / Aspergillus nidulans / Coprinus cinereus / Cryptococcus neoformans / Neurospora crassa / Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Schizophyllum commune / Schizosaccharomyces pombe / Ustilago maydis </strong></p>
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| − | <p><strong><span style="color:#FF0000"><span style="font-size:26px">3 - 3. Plants</span></span></strong></p>
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| − | <p><strong>Arabidopsis thaliana / The genus Boechera / Selaginella moellendorffii / Brachypodium distachyon / Setaria viridis / Lotus japonicus / Lemna gibba / Maize / Medicago truncatula / Mimulus guttatus / Nicotiana benthamiana / Tobacco BY-2 cells / Rice / Physcomitrella patens / Marchantia polymorpha / Populus </strong></p>
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| − | <p> </p>
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| − | <p><span style="color:#FF0000"><strong><span style="font-size:26px">3 - 4. Animals</span></strong></span></p>
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| − | <p><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:24px"><strong><span style="background-color:#FFFFE0">3 - 4. 1 Invertebrates</span></strong></span></span></p>
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| − | <p><strong>Caenorhabditis elegans / Amphimedon queenslandica / Arbacia punctulata / Aplysia / Branchiostoma floridae</strong> / <strong>Caledia captiva / Callosobruchus maculatus / Chorthippus parallelus / Ciona intestinalis / Daphnia spp / Coelopidae / Diopsidae / Drosophila / Euprymna scolopes / Galleria mellonella / Gryllus bimaculatus, / Hydra / Loligo pealei / Macrostomum lignano / Mnemiopsis leidyi / Nematostella vectensis / Oikopleura dioica / Oscarella carmela / Parhyale hawaiensis / Platynereis dumerilii / Podisma spp / Pristionchus pacificus /Scathophaga stercoraria / Schmidtea mediterranea / Stomatogastric ganglion / Strongylocentrotus purpuratus / Symsagittifera roscoffensis / Tribolium castaneum / Trichoplax adhaerens / Tubifex tubifex</strong></p>
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| − | <p><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:24px"><strong><span style="background-color:#FFFFE0">3 - 4. 2 Vertebrates</span></strong></span></span></p>
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| − | <p><strong>Laboratory mice / Bombina bombina / Bombina variegata / Carolina anole (Anolis carolinensis) / Cat (Felis sylvestris catus) / Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) / Cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) / Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) / Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) / Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) / Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) / Medaka (Oryzias latipes, or Japanese ricefish) / Mouse (Mus musculus) / Naked mole-rat, (Heterocephalus glaber) / Pigeon (Columba livia domestica) / Poecilia reticulata / Rat (Rattus norvegicus) / rhesus monkey / Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) / Takifugu (Takifugu rubripes, a pufferfish) / Three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) / Xenopus tropicalis / Xenopus laevis / Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) / Zebrafish (Danio rerio, a freshwater fish)</strong></p>
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| − | <p> </p>
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| − | <p>Current Models</p>
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| − | <p>Drosophila // Xenopus // Zebrafish // Mouse // C. elegans // Yeast // E. coli // Arabidopsis</p>
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| − | <p> </p>
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| − | <p><strong>References </strong></p>
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| − | <p><strong>1. </strong><strong>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_organism</strong></p>
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| − | <p><strong>2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_model_organisms</strong></p>
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| − | <p><strong>3. </strong></p>
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| − | <p> </p>
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