View source for Il Young Cho

<h2>Principles of Bioinformatics</h2>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;맑은 고딕&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:KO;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field of science which combines computer science, statistics, mathematics and engineering to study and process biological data.</span></p>
<h2>Bioprogramming</h2>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;맑은 고딕&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:KO;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">2-1 Programming</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;맑은 고딕&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:KO;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br />
</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">Programming is a process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">he purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given problem.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><br />
</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">2-2 Compiler</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><br />
</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">Compiler is a computer program that transforms source code written in a programming language into another computer language (binary form).</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">2-3 Language</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">There is some languages which we can use as a programming languages, such as C, R, Java, Perl and Matlab.</span></p>
<h2>Genomics</h2>
<p>3-1 What is Genomics?</p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">Genomics is a discipline in genetics that applies recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyze the function and structure of genomes</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">3-2 Origin, history and future of Genomics.</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">In 1975 Plus and Minus technique was developed. The refinement of the Plus and Minus method resulted in the chain-termination, or Sanger method which formed the basis of the techniques of DNA sequencing, genome mapping, data storage, and bioinformatic analysis most widely used in the following quarter-century of research. In the same year, the Maxam-Gilbert method was developed which is method of DNA sequencing. In the future, there will be more effective method to sequence DNA.</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:&quot;맑은 고딕&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
KO;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">3-3 Relationship with other -omics.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:&quot;맑은 고딕&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
KO;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br />
</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:&quot;맑은 고딕&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
KO;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">The English-language neologism omics informally refers to a field of study in biology ending in -omics, such as genomics, proteomics or metabolomics. The related suffix -ome is used to address the objects of study of such fields, such as the genome, proteome or metabolome respectively. The suffix -ome as used in molecular biology refers to a totality of some sort; similarly omics has come to refer generally to the study of large, comprehensive biological data sets. I think Genomics is fundamental study to other &ndash;omics such as proteomics or metabolomics, because technique or knowledge related to genomics is used to other studies to do experiment more efficiently.</span></p>
<h2>Transcriptomics</h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">4-1 What is transcriptomics?</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">Transcriptomics is study to research transcriptome which means the set of all RNA molecules including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, and other non-coding RNA transcribed in one cell or a population of cells.</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">4-2 Relationship between genomics and transcriptomics</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">Transcriptomics is bigdata which is role of transcriptomes and environment to transcript DNA of organisms. Result from DNA sequence which is known by Genomics, we can expect transcriptome. And if we know certain environment which organism transcript DNA, we can know more about DNA. So I think it is complementary relation.</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">4-3 What are mRNAs?</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">mRNA is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Following transcription of primary transcript mRNA (known as pre-mRNA) by RNA polymerase, processed, mature mRNA is translated into a polymer of amino acids: a protein, as summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology.</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">4-4 Relationship between Transcriptome and Proteome.</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">Transcriptome have information for translation to proteins and have ability to accomplish translation. So Transcriptomics is some kinds of prior task for study of proteomics. </span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">4-5 What is UTR?</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">In molecular genetics, an untranslated region refers to either of two sections, one on each side of a coding sequence on a strand of mRNA. If it is found on the 5' side, it is called the 5' UTR (or leader sequence), or if it is found on the 3' side, it is called the 3' UTR (or trailer sequence).</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;4-6What is ncRNA?</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. It can be regulation factor.</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">4-7What is poly A?</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:&quot;맑은 고딕&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
KO;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA. The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:&quot;맑은 고딕&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-fareast-theme-font:
major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
KO;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: '맑은 고딕'; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">he poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNA.</span></p>
<h2>Proteomics</h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">5-1What is Proteomics</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">The proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism at a certain time. More specifically, it is the set of expressed proteins in a given type of cell or organism, at a given time, under defined conditions.</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;5-2 Relationship between Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics.</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">Protein is the last product of transcription and transcription. But by studying certain environments of translation and interactions among proteins, we can get information about function of genome and transcriptome.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>