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<p><span style="font-family:georgia,serif"><strong>Advances in understanding&nbsp;cancer genomes through&nbsp;second-generation sequencing</strong><br />
Matthew Meyerson, Stacey Gabriel and Gad Getz</span></p>

<p><br />
<span style="font-family:georgia,serif">Abstract | Cancers are caused by the accumulation of genomic alterations.&nbsp;Therefore, analyses of cancer genome sequences and structures provide insights&nbsp;for understanding cancer biology, diagnosis and therapy. The application of&nbsp;second-generation DNA sequencing technologies (also known as next-generation&nbsp;sequencing) &mdash; through whole-genome, whole-exome and whole-transcriptome&nbsp;approaches &mdash; is allowing substantial advances in cancer genomics. These methods&nbsp;are facilitating an increase in the efficiency and resolution of detection of each of&nbsp;the principal types of somatic cancer genome alterations, including nucleotide&nbsp;substitutions, small insertions and deletions, copy number alterations, chromosomal&nbsp;rearrangements and microbial infections. This Review focuses on the methodological&nbsp;considerations for characterizing somatic genome alterations in cancer and the future&nbsp;prospects for these approaches.</span></p>