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In conclusion, as the author says that “the human cancer genome project is fundamentally flawed”, questions remain for the role of genomics in cancer treatment. Would they still take the big part in cancer treatments? Or was the cancer genome project just a waste of effort? The answers can be disputable depending on situations, but I still believe that the project was significant. Thanks to the work, the information of cancer-causing gene and its regulatory sites have been discovered. While the appliance to clinical use is uncertain, the study was worth a shot.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman"> </span><cite><a class=" FCK__AnchorC" name="_ENREF_1"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: '맑은 고딕'; mso-fareast-font-family: '맑은 고딕'; mso-hansi-font-family: '맑은 고딕'; mso-no-proof: yes"><font size="2">Miklos, George L Gabor. "The Human Cancer Genome Project—One More Misstep in the War on Cancer." </font><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><font size="2">Nature biotechnology </font></i><font size="2">23.5 (2005): 535-37. Print.</font></span></span></a></cite><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: '맑은 고딕'; mso-fareast-font-family: '맑은 고딕'; mso-hansi-font-family: '맑은 고딕'; mso-no-proof: yes"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<h1>Transcriptomics</h1>
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<h1>Proteomics</h1>
<h2>Proteomics in the Diagnosis of Autism</h2>
<p style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: 40pt"><span style="font-size: x-small"><span style="line-height: 115%">Autism is a neurodevelopmental disease that is associated with multi-factors including environmental, genetic, and neurological perspectives. The scientists have long been researched about the cure of this disorder, but the full recovery seems to be far further in the future. However, recently biological researchers have discovered a way to diagnose this disease using proteomics. Proteomics is the combination of proteins and genomes: the whole study of quantitative and qualitative protein functions in various types of tissues. It has already been proven with the usefulness in discovering biomarkers for cancer or other neurodevelopmental disorders and the effect of several drugs. Thus, the article shows an example of proteomic approach to autism and explains about its capabilities.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small"><span style="line-height: 115%"> A scientist named Junaid researched about the abnormal protein expression in 8 brains of autism patients. Out of eight brains, four showed an increase in polarity of glyoxalase I, and the sequencing result revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism causing an AlaGlu exchange. He discovered that this set of gene has some effects for the aetiology of autism. Other than this study, with the help of many useful biological techniques like 2-D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, study of proteins has been helpful in studying biomarkers for autism.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small"><span style="line-height: 115%"> The author argues for the important role of proteomics in autism biomarker research. However, drawbacks exist in this type of approach. Only small part of protein role was detected to be effective, and the high abundance protein blocks the detection of the activities of low abundance protein. Is proteomics still useful despite these hindrances? The author says it is worth a go, but in my opinion, the study of genomes is the first step to be taken. A priori approach is the most fundamental and first to study proteins. To know the sequence of amino acids we should know the codons that translate the amino acids, which lead to the study of genes. Without knowing deeply about genes (Genomic approach of autism is still under research), proteomics may be useful in diagnostic aspect but not enough in cure. I believe the ultimate goal of disease study is the treatment. Thus proteomic approach may be insufficient.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small"><span style="line-height: 115%"> In conclusion, the study of proteins in autism is proven to be effective in diagnosing the disorder. Specific details are introduced briefly above, and using these as a supporting fact, the author argues for the importance of proteomics in autism study. This may be true but not sufficient in the full cure of the disease. Therefore, since autism is a very complicated disorder, several studies should be propelled in various aspects including genomics and proteomics. </span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman"><cite><a name="_ENREF_1"><span style="font-size: x-small">Laila, AL-Ayadhi, and Dost Muhammad Halepoto. "Role of Proteomics in the Discovery of Autism Biomarkers." <i>Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan </i>23.2 (2013): 137-43. Print.</span></a></cite></span><cite><a name="_ENREF_1"></a></cite><a name="_ENREF_1"></a></p>
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<h1>Epigenomics and Phenomics</h1>
