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<p style="text-align: center;">2016 Genomics UNIST</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>Is the Darwin's Evolution theory perfect?</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>-The Error of Darwinism by Scientifical View—</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong> <span style="font-size:14px">20141497</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:14px"><strong> Chaeeun Lee</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p><span style="display:none"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><strong>Introduction</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"> Regarding the history of evolution, we cannot say it without Darwin's Evolution theory. According to his theory, mutation occurs and the species has survived by natural selection. It has been one of the famous evolution theories around the world. Also, the theory contributed enlightenment and make people to recognize the evolution during the religious era. Although his theory looks fit well in nature, it contains some scientific errors. It also affected to societal, politic and religious problem but this paper just want to point out the error or limitation by scientific view by following reasons. </span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><strong>Body</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"> To begin with, Darwinism has been interpreted in various ways and a lot of information is added and mixed. So, nowadays, it is hard to say Darwin said from where to where and what <a href="http://d4nations.com/webpubl/articles/charles-robert-darwin--darwinism.html"><img alt="La_teor_a_de_la_evoluci_n_de_las_especies.jpg" src="http://d4nations.com/webpubl/images/La_teor_a_de_la_evoluci_n_de_las_especies.jpg" style="border-style:solid; border-width:0px; float:right; height:144px; margin:0px; width:100px" /></a>his exact intention of his theory. The picture on the right side is typical example of pictures which represent the evolution. However, as this picture shows, Darwinism makes people to think as if people evolved from monkeys or Chimpanzees. Actually, all species are genetically related in some sense. So, it is rather have to be a branch structure like an evolutionary tree. In addition, reproduction cannot occur between different species. Therefore, it is not trans-mutated by species to species but go through their own way to evolve in changing environment.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"> Furthermore, one of the famous explanations of his theory of evolution is natural selection. Although there are plenty of examples that explain the natural selection, but natural selection also have some errors. According to his theory, all species go through variation and the only group who could successfully adapt in the circumstance can be survived. However, acquired characteristics happen during life in certain cell and are not inherited. If it caused by DNA-methylation, it can change genes but in this case, we also cannot say that it would be inherited to next generation. For example, suppose there was an ape which can walk by two legs. This does not definitely mean that his or her babies can walk by two legs. Moreover, it stated that the mutation occur accidentally or randomly. While, we cannot say that all evolution is caused by random mutation. Evolution directs to achieve more profitable way in certain species.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"> In case of sexual selection, in his theory, it cannot be said as perfect. According to sexual selection, female choose sexually favorable and beauty males to mate. Therefore, more attractive organisms mate more and the offspring finally remained. However, it did not fit with all species. People, as a human, do not follow the mechanism and we cannot estimate the sexual favorability of other species. Also, in case of animal, usually, female species mate with not just one male so we cannot say that only sexually favorable groups remained. Moreover, nowadays, human modified the gene of certain species such as livestock, fish and fruit. In this case, it is hard to explain by natural selection or sexual selection because it is mutated for humans need. </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 20pt;"> </p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"> Darwinism admitted the biological evolution and it leads to develop other biological research.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px">We cannot say that Darwin’s theory of evolution is definitely wrong. However, there is no flawless and complete scientific theory which fits any situation in nature.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px">That is why we need scientific research and critical thinking.</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><strong>Reference</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px">Arthur M. Lesk, Introduction to Genomics 162-187</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinism">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinism</a></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><a href="http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation">http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation</a></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Descent_of_Man,_and_Selection_in_Relation_to_Sex#Part_II_and_III:_Sexual_selection">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Descent_of_Man,_and_Selection_in_Relation_to_Sex#Part_II_and_III:_Sexual_selection</a></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"> <cite>Wilkins, John (21 December 1998)</cite><em>"</em>So You Want to be an Anti-Darwinian: Varieties of Opposition to Darwinism"</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px">Dubochet, Jacques, “Why is it so difficult to accept Darwin's theory of evolution?” BioEssays, 2011, Vol.33(4), pp.240-242</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><a href="http://literature.org/authors/darwin-charles/the-origin-of-species/chapter-04.html">http://literature.org/authors/darwin-charles/the-origin-of-species/chapter-04.html</a></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><a href="http://www.evolutionnews.org/2012/05/what_are_the_to059781.html">http://www.evolutionnews.org/2012/05/what_are_the_to059781.html</a></span></span><span style="display:none"> </span></p>
<p></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>Is the Darwin's Evolution theory perfect?</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>-The Error of Darwinism by Scientifical View—</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong> <span style="font-size:14px">20141497</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:14px"><strong> Chaeeun Lee</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p><span style="display:none"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><strong>Introduction</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"> Regarding the history of evolution, we cannot say it without Darwin's Evolution theory. According to his theory, mutation occurs and the species has survived by natural selection. It has been one of the famous evolution theories around the world. Also, the theory contributed enlightenment and make people to recognize the evolution during the religious era. Although his theory looks fit well in nature, it contains some scientific errors. It also affected to societal, politic and religious problem but this paper just want to point out the error or limitation by scientific view by following reasons. </span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><strong>Body</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"> To begin with, Darwinism has been interpreted in various ways and a lot of information is added and mixed. So, nowadays, it is hard to say Darwin said from where to where and what <a href="http://d4nations.com/webpubl/articles/charles-robert-darwin--darwinism.html"><img alt="La_teor_a_de_la_evoluci_n_de_las_especies.jpg" src="http://d4nations.com/webpubl/images/La_teor_a_de_la_evoluci_n_de_las_especies.jpg" style="border-style:solid; border-width:0px; float:right; height:144px; margin:0px; width:100px" /></a>his exact intention of his theory. The picture on the right side is typical example of pictures which represent the evolution. However, as this picture shows, Darwinism makes people to think as if people evolved from monkeys or Chimpanzees. Actually, all species are genetically related in some sense. So, it is rather have to be a branch structure like an evolutionary tree. In addition, reproduction cannot occur between different species. Therefore, it is not trans-mutated by species to species but go through their own way to evolve in changing environment.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"> Furthermore, one of the famous explanations of his theory of evolution is natural selection. Although there are plenty of examples that explain the natural selection, but natural selection also have some errors. According to his theory, all species go through variation and the only group who could successfully adapt in the circumstance can be survived. However, acquired characteristics happen during life in certain cell and are not inherited. If it caused by DNA-methylation, it can change genes but in this case, we also cannot say that it would be inherited to next generation. For example, suppose there was an ape which can walk by two legs. This does not definitely mean that his or her babies can walk by two legs. Moreover, it stated that the mutation occur accidentally or randomly. While, we cannot say that all evolution is caused by random mutation. Evolution directs to achieve more profitable way in certain species.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"> In case of sexual selection, in his theory, it cannot be said as perfect. According to sexual selection, female choose sexually favorable and beauty males to mate. Therefore, more attractive organisms mate more and the offspring finally remained. However, it did not fit with all species. People, as a human, do not follow the mechanism and we cannot estimate the sexual favorability of other species. Also, in case of animal, usually, female species mate with not just one male so we cannot say that only sexually favorable groups remained. Moreover, nowadays, human modified the gene of certain species such as livestock, fish and fruit. In this case, it is hard to explain by natural selection or sexual selection because it is mutated for humans need. </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 20pt;"> </p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"> Darwinism admitted the biological evolution and it leads to develop other biological research.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px">We cannot say that Darwin’s theory of evolution is definitely wrong. However, there is no flawless and complete scientific theory which fits any situation in nature.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px">That is why we need scientific research and critical thinking.</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><strong>Reference</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px">Arthur M. Lesk, Introduction to Genomics 162-187</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinism">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinism</a></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><a href="http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation">http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation</a></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Descent_of_Man,_and_Selection_in_Relation_to_Sex#Part_II_and_III:_Sexual_selection">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Descent_of_Man,_and_Selection_in_Relation_to_Sex#Part_II_and_III:_Sexual_selection</a></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"> <cite>Wilkins, John (21 December 1998)</cite><em>"</em>So You Want to be an Anti-Darwinian: Varieties of Opposition to Darwinism"</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px">Dubochet, Jacques, “Why is it so difficult to accept Darwin's theory of evolution?” BioEssays, 2011, Vol.33(4), pp.240-242</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><a href="http://literature.org/authors/darwin-charles/the-origin-of-species/chapter-04.html">http://literature.org/authors/darwin-charles/the-origin-of-species/chapter-04.html</a></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 38pt;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><a href="http://www.evolutionnews.org/2012/05/what_are_the_to059781.html">http://www.evolutionnews.org/2012/05/what_are_the_to059781.html</a></span></span><span style="display:none"> </span></p>
<p></p>
