Scientific Experiment
Obese in Genomics
What is Obese?
Arrangement of basic terms in Genomics
What is Genomics?
Genomics is the omics study of genes of individual organisms, populations, and species.
Paradigm of performing biological science that deviates from investigating single genes, their functions, and roles.
What is Omics?
General term for a broad discipline of science and engineering
Analyzing the interactions of biological information objects in various omes in biology
Main focus
Omics study of proteins, particularly their structures, sequences, and functions.
(which proteins interact)
The set of proteins produced by it during its life, and its genome is its set of genes.
A proteome differs from cell to cell and constantly changes through its biochemical interactions with the genome and the environment.
=> One organism has radically different protein expression in different parts of its body, different stages of its life cycle and different environmental conditions
*There are far fewer protein-coding genes in the human genome than proteins in the human proteome (20,000 to 25,000 genes vs. > 500,000 proteins)
=> Protein diversity is thought to be due to alternative splicing and post-translational modification of proteins
New methods include protein microarrays, immunoaffinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry), and combinations of experimental methods such as phage display and computational methods.
What is Metabolome?
Interaction between an organism’s genome and its environment
Complete set of small-molecule chemicals found within a biological sample.
The small molecule chemicals found in a given metabolome may include both endogenous metabolites that are naturally produced by an organism as well as exogenous chemicals
The endogenous metabolome
-> primary metabolome
-> Secondary metabolome
* primary metabolite is directly involved in the normal growth, development, and reproduction.
*secondary metabolite is not directly involved in those processes, but usually has important ecological function(ex: pigments, antibiotics or waste products derived from partially metabolized xenobiotics)
Use NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
The Human Metabolome Database
Contain detailed data on more than 40,000 metabolites that have already been identified or are likely to be found in the human body
- includes >40,000 metabolite structures with detailed descriptions, extensive chemical classifications, synthesis information and observed/calculated chemical properties
- includes data on >10,000 metabolite-biofluid concentrations, metabolite concentration information on more than 600 different human diseases and pathway data for more than 200 different inborn errors of metabolism.
- includes nearly 6000 protein (and DNA) sequences and more than 5000 biochemical reactions that are linked to these metabolite entries
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Obese
-> Mainly Influenced by External effects!
-> The Disease that can be cured!
-> Obese parents usually have obese children!
Therefore, Focus more on protemoics, Metabolome!
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