Difference between revisions of "Three new ant genomes sequenced and reported in PNAS: Draft genome of the globally widespread and invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile)"

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<p><b><span style="font-size: medium">Draft genome of the globally widespread and invasive Argentine ant (<em>Linepithema humile</em>)</span></b></p>
 
<p><b><span style="font-size: medium">Draft genome of the globally widespread and invasive Argentine ant (<em>Linepithema humile</em>)</span></b></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium">Abstract:</span></p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p id="p-4"><span style="font-size: medium">Ants are some of the most abundant and familiar animals on Earth, and they play vital roles in most terrestrial ecosystems. </span></p>
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<div class="contributors">
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<p><span style="font-size: medium">Although all ants are eusocial, and display a variety of complex and fascinating behaviors, few genomic resources exist for them. </span></p>
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<ol id="contrib-group-1" class="contributor-list" jquery1296630888975="61">
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<p><span style="font-size: medium">Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a particularly widespread and well-studied species, the invasive Argentine ant (<em>Linepithema humile</em>), which was accomplished using a combination of 454 (Roche) and Illumina sequencing and community-based funding rather than federal grant support. </span></p>
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    <li id="contrib-1" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Christopher+D.+Smith&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Christopher D. Smith</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="63" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-1"><sup>a</sup></a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-corresp-1-1" class="xref-corresp" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#corresp-1"><sup>1</sup></a>,</li>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium">Manual annotation of &gt;1,000 genes from a variety of different gene families and functional classes reveals unique features of the Argentine ant's biology, as well as similarities to <em>Apis mellifera</em> and <em>Nasonia vitripennis</em>. </span></p>
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    <li id="contrib-2" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Aleksey+Zimin&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Aleksey Zimin</a></span><a id="xref-aff-3-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="64" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-3"><sup>b</sup></a>,</li>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium">Distinctive features of the Argentine ant genome include remarkable expansions of gustatory (116 genes) and odorant receptors (367 genes), an abundance of cytochrome P450 genes (&gt;110), lineage-specific expansions of yellow/major royal jelly proteins and desaturases, and complete CpG DNA methylation and RNAi toolkits. </span></p>
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    <li id="contrib-3" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Carson+Holt&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Carson Holt</a></span><a id="xref-aff-5-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="65" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-5"><sup>c</sup></a>,</li>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium">The Argentine ant genome contains fewer immune genes than <em>Drosophila</em> and <em>Tribolium</em>, which may reflect the prominent role played by behavioral and chemical suppression of pathogens. </span></p>
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    <li id="contrib-4" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Ehab+Abouheif&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Ehab Abouheif</a></span><a id="xref-aff-6-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="66" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-6"><sup>d</sup></a>,</li>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium">Analysis of the ratio of observed to expected CpG nucleotides for genes in the reproductive development and apoptosis pathways suggests <span style="color: #993300">higher levels of methylation than </span>in the genome overall. </span></p>
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    <li id="contrib-5" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Richard+Benton&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Richard Benton</a></span><a id="xref-aff-7-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="67" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-7"><sup>e</sup></a>,</li>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium">The resources provided by this genome sequence will offer an abundance of tools for researchers seeking to illuminate the fascinating biology of this emerging model organism.</span></p>
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    <li id="contrib-6" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Elizabeth+Cash&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Elizabeth Cash</a></span><a id="xref-aff-8-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="68" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-8"><sup>f</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-7" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Vincent+Croset&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Vincent Croset</a></span><a id="xref-aff-7-2" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="69" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-7"><sup>e</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-8" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Cameron+R.+Currie&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Cameron R. Currie</a></span><a id="xref-aff-9-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="70" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-9"><sup>g</sup></a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-10-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="71" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-10"><sup>h</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-9" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Eran+Elhaik&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Eran Elhaik</a></span><a id="xref-aff-11-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="72" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-11"><sup>i</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-10" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Christine+G.+Elsik&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Christine G. Elsik</a></span><a id="xref-aff-12-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="73" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-12"><sup>j</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-11" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Marie-Julie+Fave&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Marie-Julie Fave</a></span><a id="xref-aff-6-2" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="74" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-6"><sup>d</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-12" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Vilaiwan+Fernandes&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Vilaiwan Fernandes</a></span><a id="xref-aff-6-3" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="75" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-6"><sup>d</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-13" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=J%C3%BCrgen+Gadau&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">J&uuml;rgen Gadau</a></span><a id="xref-aff-8-2" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="76" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-8"><sup>f</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-14" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Joshua+D.+Gibson&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Joshua D. Gibson</a></span><a id="xref-aff-8-3" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="77" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-8"><sup>f</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-15" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Dan+Graur&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Dan Graur</a></span><a id="xref-aff-13-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="78" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-13"><sup>k</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-16" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Kirk+J.+Grubbs&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Kirk J. Grubbs</a></span><a id="xref-aff-8-4" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="79" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-8"><sup>f</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-17" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Darren+E.+Hagen&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Darren E. Hagen</a></span><a id="xref-aff-12-2" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="80" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-12"><sup>j</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-18" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Martin+Helmkampf&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Martin Helmkampf</a></span><a id="xref-aff-8-5" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="81" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-8"><sup>f</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-19" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Jo-Anne+Holley&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Jo-Anne Holley</a></span><a id="xref-aff-14-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="82" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-14"><sup>l</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-20" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Hao+Hu&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Hao Hu</a></span><a id="xref-aff-5-2" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="83" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-5"><sup>c</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-21" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Ana+Sofia+Ibarraran+Viniegra&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Ana Sofia Ibarraran Viniegra</a></span><a id="xref-aff-6-4" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="84" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-6"><sup>d</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-22" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Brian+R.+Johnson&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Brian R. Johnson</a></span><a id="xref-aff-16-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="85" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-16"><sup>m</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-23" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Reed+M.+Johnson&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Reed M. Johnson</a></span><a id="xref-aff-14-2" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="86" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-14"><sup>l</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-24" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Abderrahman+Khila&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Abderrahman Khila</a></span><a id="xref-aff-6-5" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="87" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-6"><sup>d</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-25" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Jay+W.+Kim&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Jay W. Kim</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-2" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="88" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-1"><sup>a</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-26" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Joseph+Laird&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Joseph Laird</a></span><a id="xref-aff-14-3" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="89" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-14"><sup>l</sup></a>,</li>
 
−
    <li id="contrib-27" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Kaitlyn+A.+Mathis&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Kaitlyn A. Mathis</a></span><a id="xref-aff-16-2" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="90" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-16"><sup>m</sup></a>,</li>
 
−
    <li id="contrib-28" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Joseph+A.+Moeller&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Joseph A. Moeller</a></span><a id="xref-aff-9-2" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="91" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-9"><sup>g</sup></a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-10-2" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="92" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-10"><sup>h</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-29" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Monica+C.+Mu%C3%B1oz-Torres&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Monica C. Mu&ntilde;oz-Torres</a></span><a id="xref-aff-12-3" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="93" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-12"><sup>j</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-30" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Marguerite+C.+Murphy&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Marguerite C. Murphy</a></span><a id="xref-aff-2-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="94" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-2"><sup>n</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-31" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Rin+Nakamura&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Rin Nakamura</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-3" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="95" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-1"><sup>a</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-32" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Surabhi+Nigam&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Surabhi Nigam</a></span><a id="xref-aff-2-2" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="96" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-2"><sup>n</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-33" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Rick+P.+Overson&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Rick P. Overson</a></span><a id="xref-aff-8-6" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="97" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-8"><sup>f</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-34" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Jennifer+E.+Placek&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Jennifer E. Placek</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-4" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="98" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-1"><sup>a</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-35" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Rajendhran+Rajakumar&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Rajendhran Rajakumar</a></span><a id="xref-aff-6-6" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="99" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-6"><sup>d</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-36" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Justin+T.+Reese&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Justin T. Reese</a></span><a id="xref-aff-12-4" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="100" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-12"><sup>j</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-37" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Hugh+M.+Robertson&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Hugh M. Robertson</a></span><a id="xref-aff-14-4" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="101" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-14"><sup>l</sup></a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-15-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="102" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-15"><sup>o</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-38" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Chris+R.+Smith&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Chris R. Smith</a></span><a id="xref-aff-17-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="103" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-17"><sup>p</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-39" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Andrew+V.+Suarez&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Andrew V. Suarez</a></span><a id="xref-aff-14-5" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="104" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-14"><sup>l</sup></a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-15-2" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="105" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-15"><sup>o</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-40" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Garret+Suen&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Garret Suen</a></span><a id="xref-aff-9-3" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="106" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-9"><sup>g</sup></a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-10-3" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="107" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-10"><sup>h</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-41" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Elissa+L.+Suhr&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Elissa L. Suhr</a></span><a id="xref-aff-14-6" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="108" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-14"><sup>l</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-42" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Shu+Tao&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Shu Tao</a></span><a id="xref-aff-12-5" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="109" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-12"><sup>j</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-43" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Candice+W.+Torres&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Candice W. Torres</a></span><a id="xref-aff-16-3" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="110" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-16"><sup>m</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-44" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Ellen+van+Wilgenburg&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Ellen van Wilgenburg</a></span><a id="xref-aff-16-4" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="111" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-16"><sup>m</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-45" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Lumi+Viljakainen&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Lumi Viljakainen</a></span><a id="xref-aff-18-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="112" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-18"><sup>q</sup></a>,</li>
 
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    <li id="contrib-46" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Kimberly+K.+O.+Walden&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Kimberly K. O. Walden</a></span><a id="xref-aff-14-7" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="113" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-14"><sup>l</sup></a>,</li>
 
−
    <li id="contrib-47" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Alexander+L.+Wild&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Alexander L. Wild</a></span><a id="xref-aff-14-8" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="114" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-14"><sup>l</sup></a>,</li>
 
−
    <li id="contrib-48" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Mark+Yandell&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Mark Yandell</a></span><a id="xref-aff-5-3" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="115" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-5"><sup>c</sup></a>,</li>
 
−
    <li id="contrib-49" class="contributor"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=James+A.+Yorke&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">James A. Yorke</a></span><a id="xref-aff-4-1" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="116" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-4"><sup>r</sup></a>, and</li>
 
−
    <li id="contrib-50" class="last"><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Neil+D.+Tsutsui&amp;sortspec=date&amp;submit=Submit">Neil D. Tsutsui</a></span><a id="xref-aff-16-5" class="xref-aff" jquery1296630888975="117" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#aff-16"><sup>m</sup></a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-corresp-1-2" class="xref-corresp" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#corresp-1"><sup>1</sup></a></li>
 
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</ol>
 
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<p class="affiliation-list-reveal"><a class="view-more" jquery1296630888975="62" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#">+</a> Author Affiliations</p>
 
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<ol class="affiliation-list hideaffil" jquery1296630888975="60">
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-1" name="aff-1"></a>
 
−
    <address>Departments of <sup>a</sup>Biology and</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-2" name="aff-2"></a>
 
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    <address><sup>n</sup>Computer Science, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132;</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-3" name="aff-3"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>b</sup>Institute for Physical Science and Technology and</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-4" name="aff-4"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>r</sup>Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-5" name="aff-5"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>c</sup>Department of Human Genetics, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112;</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-6" name="aff-6"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>d</sup>Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1;</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-7" name="aff-7"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>e</sup>Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-8" name="aff-8"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>f</sup>School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287;</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-9" name="aff-9"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>g</sup>Department of Bacteriology and</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-10" name="aff-10"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>h</sup>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706;</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-11" name="aff-11"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>i</sup>The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205;</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-12" name="aff-12"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>j</sup>Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057;</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-13" name="aff-13"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>k</sup>Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-14" name="aff-14"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>l</sup>Department of Entomology and</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-15" name="aff-15"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>o</sup>Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana&ndash;Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-16" name="aff-16"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>m</sup>Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114;</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-17" name="aff-17"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>p</sup>Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374; and</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
    <li class="aff"><a id="aff-18" name="aff-18"></a>
 
−
    <address><sup>q</sup>Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853</address>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
</ol>
 
−
<ol class="fn-track">
 
−
    <li id="fn-1" class="fn-edited-by">
 
−
    <p id="p-1">Edited<a id="xref-fn-4-1" class="xref-fn" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.abstract#fn-4">*</a> by Gene E. Robinson, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, and approved January 11, 2011 (received for review June 17, 2010)</p>
 
−
    </li>
 
−
</ol>
 
−
</div>
 
−
<div id="abstract-1" class="section abstract">
 
−
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
−
<p><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.full.pdf+html">http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/26/1008617108.full.pdf+html</a></p>
 
−
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
−
</div>
 
 
</p>
 
</p>
−
<p>Abstract:</p>
+
<br>
−
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
−
<p id="p-4"><span style="font-size: small">Ants are some of the most abundant and familiar animals on Earth, and they play vital roles in most terrestrial ecosystems. </span></p>
 
−
<p><span style="font-size: small">Although all ants are eusocial, and display a variety of complex and fascinating behaviors, few genomic resources exist for them. </span></p>
 
−
<p><span style="font-size: small">Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a particularly widespread and well-studied species, the invasive Argentine ant (<em>Linepithema humile</em>), which was accomplished using a combination of 454 (Roche) and Illumina sequencing and community-based funding rather than federal grant support. </span></p>
 
−
<p><span style="font-size: small">Manual annotation of &gt;1,000 genes from a variety of different gene families and functional classes reveals unique features of the Argentine ant's biology, as well as similarities to <em>Apis mellifera</em> and <em>Nasonia vitripennis</em>. </span></p>
 
−
<p><span style="font-size: small">Distinctive features of the Argentine ant genome include remarkable expansions of gustatory (116 genes) and odorant receptors (367 genes), an abundance of cytochrome P450 genes (&gt;110), lineage-specific expansions of yellow/major royal jelly proteins and desaturases, and complete CpG DNA methylation and RNAi toolkits. </span></p>
 
−
<p><span style="font-size: small">The Argentine ant genome contains fewer immune genes than <em>Drosophila</em> and <em>Tribolium</em>, which may reflect the prominent role played by behavioral and chemical suppression of pathogens. </span></p>
 
−
<p><span style="font-size: small">Analysis of the ratio of observed to expected CpG nucleotides for genes in the reproductive development and apoptosis pathways suggests <span style="color: #993300">higher levels of methylation than </span>in the genome overall. </span></p>
 
−
<p><span style="font-size: small">The resources provided by this genome sequence will offer an abundance of tools for researchers seeking to illuminate the fascinating biology of this emerging model organism.</span></p>
 

Revision as of 16:20, 2 February 2011

Draft genome of the globally widespread and invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile)

 

Abstract:

Ants are some of the most abundant and familiar animals on Earth, and they play vital roles in most terrestrial ecosystems.

Although all ants are eusocial, and display a variety of complex and fascinating behaviors, few genomic resources exist for them.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a particularly widespread and well-studied species, the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), which was accomplished using a combination of 454 (Roche) and Illumina sequencing and community-based funding rather than federal grant support.

Manual annotation of >1,000 genes from a variety of different gene families and functional classes reveals unique features of the Argentine ant's biology, as well as similarities to Apis mellifera and Nasonia vitripennis.

Distinctive features of the Argentine ant genome include remarkable expansions of gustatory (116 genes) and odorant receptors (367 genes), an abundance of cytochrome P450 genes (>110), lineage-specific expansions of yellow/major royal jelly proteins and desaturases, and complete CpG DNA methylation and RNAi toolkits.

The Argentine ant genome contains fewer immune genes than Drosophila and Tribolium, which may reflect the prominent role played by behavioral and chemical suppression of pathogens.

Analysis of the ratio of observed to expected CpG nucleotides for genes in the reproductive development and apoptosis pathways suggests higher levels of methylation than in the genome overall.

The resources provided by this genome sequence will offer an abundance of tools for researchers seeking to illuminate the fascinating biology of this emerging model organism.


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