View source for How many 'novel snp's are in Human? Homework

<p>2016 Genomics</p>

<p>Homework</p>

<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>How many &#39;novel snp&#39;s are in Human?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></span><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;20141497</p>

<p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Chaeeun Lee</p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Firstly, SNP means single-nucleotide polymorphism variation. It occurs at a specific position, and the single nucleotide become different in that location. Also, novel SNP means it is SNP but had not been known. It is important because it can be used as markers for sequencing to find ethnic groups or genetic diseases.</span></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>Introduction</strong><img alt="" src="/ckfinder/userfiles/images/snp.png" style="float:right; height:200px; width:306px" /></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In case of novel SNP, it had been already not known, so we don&rsquo;t know how many novel SNPs are in our body. </span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px">However, as considering each person, we can estimate the number of novel SNPs in one person which can be different from others.</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To begin with, we have our genetic information from our ancestor. So it can be diverse according to their ancestor. Also, during DNA replication, mutation occurs. Consequently, the number of point mutation in one person means how many different sequences are in the person which is different from others.&nbsp;</span></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>Result</strong></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Let&rsquo;s assume that 30 generations are different between Min-Ji and Chaeeun. &nbsp;Also, Chaeeun and Minji are both 21 years old.</span></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px">-The mutation rate of human is estimated to be <strong>~2.5&times;10^(&minus;8) per base per generation</strong></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px">-Human mutation rate is approximately <strong>0.5&times;10^(&minus;9) per base pair per year.</strong></span></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px">So, the difference occured by generations&nbsp;is</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (~2.5&times;10^(&minus;8)per base pair per generation) * 30generations &nbsp;* 6469.66Mb base pairs =4852.2</span></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px">In case of the mutation in each year which occur after&nbsp;Chaeeun is born ,</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;0.5&times;10^(&minus;9) per base pair per year * 21 years * 6469.66Mb base pairs =67.93143</span></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px">So there are about<strong> 4920 Novel SNP in Chaeeun</strong> comparing with Minji.</span></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Reference</strong></p>

<p>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-nucleotide_polymorphism</p>

<p>http://genome.sph.umich.edu/wiki/SNP_Call_Set_Properties</p>

<p>http://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/single-nucleotide-polymorphism-snp-295</p>

<p>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation_rate</p>