Difference between revisions of "Chapter !5 - Evolution and Genomic Change Code: KSI0014"
imported>김상인 (Created page with "<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:36px"><strong><Index of Chapter 5></strong></span></p> <p><span style="color:#0000CD"><strong>Evolution is exploration<...") |
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<p><span style="color:#0000CD"><strong>Evolution is exploration</strong></span></p> | <p><span style="color:#0000CD"><strong>Evolution is exploration</strong></span></p> | ||
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| + | <p>Industrial melanism and its reversal. (Moth example)</p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <p>The two elements of exploration - variation from the current state of the system and change to a new one - occur at many levels from individual genomes to proteins to cells to ecosystems</p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <p>A long-standing challenge of biology is to understand the relationships among these different levels of evolution.</p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <p> </p> | ||
<p><span style="color:#0000CD"><strong>Biological systematics</strong></span></p> | <p><span style="color:#0000CD"><strong>Biological systematics</strong></span></p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <p>Study of the vast variety of living organisms requires that we organize what we observe and measure. </p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <p>We have to agree on what we call things. Biological taxonomy encompaseses identifying new life forms, deciding where they fit in, and assigning them a name</p> | ||
<p>Biological nomenclature</p> | <p>Biological nomenclature</p> | ||
<p>Measurement of biological similarities and differences </p> | <p>Measurement of biological similarities and differences </p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <p>-In order ti develop a clear picture of the relationships between species, it's necessary to pick a molecule that is changing at a reasonable rate. There must e enough change such that the signal does not sink below the noise level, but not too much change as to obscure common features. </p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <p> </p> | ||
<p><span style="color:#0000CD"><strong>Homogoues and families</strong></span></p> | <p><span style="color:#0000CD"><strong>Homogoues and families</strong></span></p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <p>Products of evolution retain similarities. The similarities appear at many levels- related people, recently diverged species, tissues within an organism containing related cell types but varying protein expression patterns, amino acid sequences and structures of proteins and DNA sequences. </p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <p>To trace the course of evolution, we must quantitatively measure such similarities. There are many possible objects of such analysis. </p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <p> </p> | ||
<p><span style="color:#0000CD"><strong>Pattern matching - the basic tool of bioinformatics</strong></span></p> | <p><span style="color:#0000CD"><strong>Pattern matching - the basic tool of bioinformatics</strong></span></p> | ||
Revision as of 22:11, 29 November 2016
<Index of Chapter 5>
Evolution is exploration
Industrial melanism and its reversal. (Moth example)
The two elements of exploration - variation from the current state of the system and change to a new one - occur at many levels from individual genomes to proteins to cells to ecosystems
A long-standing challenge of biology is to understand the relationships among these different levels of evolution.
Biological systematics
Study of the vast variety of living organisms requires that we organize what we observe and measure.
We have to agree on what we call things. Biological taxonomy encompaseses identifying new life forms, deciding where they fit in, and assigning them a name
Biological nomenclature
Measurement of biological similarities and differences
-In order ti develop a clear picture of the relationships between species, it's necessary to pick a molecule that is changing at a reasonable rate. There must e enough change such that the signal does not sink below the noise level, but not too much change as to obscure common features.
Homogoues and families
Products of evolution retain similarities. The similarities appear at many levels- related people, recently diverged species, tissues within an organism containing related cell types but varying protein expression patterns, amino acid sequences and structures of proteins and DNA sequences.
To trace the course of evolution, we must quantitatively measure such similarities. There are many possible objects of such analysis.
Pattern matching - the basic tool of bioinformatics
Sequence alignment
Definining the optimum alignment
Approximate methods for quick screening of databases
Pattern matching in three-dimensional structures
Evolution of protein sequences, structures, and functions
The effects of single-site mutations
Evolution of protein structure and function
Phylogeny
Phylogenetic trees
Clustering methods
Cladistic methods
The problem of varying rates of evolution
Batesiian methods
Short-circuiting evolution : Genetic engineering
