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<p>Lactose intolerance is due to the lack of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactase" title="Lactase">lactase</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestines" title="Small intestines">small intestines</a> to break lactose down into <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactose" title="Galactose">galactose</a>. There are four types: primary, secondary, developmental, and congenital. Primary lactose intolerance occurs as the number of lactase declines as people age.<span style="font-size:10.8333px"> </span>Secondary lactose intolerance is due to injury to the small intestine such as from infection, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celiac_disease" title="Celiac disease">celiac disease</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_disease" title="Inflammatory bowel disease">inflammatory bowel disease</a>, or other diseases.<span style="font-size:10.8333px"> </span>Developmental lactose intolerance may occur in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_babies" title="Premature babies">premature babies</a> and usually improves over a short period of time. Congenital lactose intolerance is an extremely rare <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">genetic disorder</a> in which little or no lactase is made from birth.</p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:20px">Causes</span></strong></p>
<p>Primary congenital alactasia, also called congenital lactase deficiency, is an extremely rare, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosomal_recessive" title="Autosomal recessive">autosomal recessive</a> enzyme defect that prevents lactase expression from birth. People with congenital lactase deficiency cannot digest lactose from birth, so cannot digest breast milk. This genetic defect is characterized by a complete lack of lactase (alactasia). About 40 cases have been reported worldwide, mainly limited to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>. Before the 20th century, babies born with congenital lactase deficiency often did not survive, but death rates decreased with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybean</a>-derived <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formula" title="Infant formula">infant formulas </a>and manufactured lactose-free dairy products.</p>
<p><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Management</strong></span></p>