Woojae/Woojae's Encyclopedia

Contents

A

Alignment

 

Arranging the sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein to identify similarities

 

B

Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data.

As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines computer science, statistics, mathematics, and engineering to analyze and interpret biological data.

Biophysics

Biophysics or biological physics is an interdisciplinary science that applies the approaches and methods of physics to study biological systems.

Biophysics covers all scales of biological organization, from molecular to organismic and populations. 

 

C

Chaperone

In molecular biology, molecular chaperones are proteins that assist the covalent folding or unfolrding and the assembly or disassembly of other macromolecular structures.

 

D

Differentiation

The process where a cell changes from one cell type to another(more specialized)

 

E

Encode

Change a information into a code.

Epigenetic

The study of stable heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence. (Changes in phenotype by environment)

Epistasis

The phenomenon where the effect of one gene(locus) is dependent on the presence of one or more 'modifier genes', the genetic background.

 

 

G

Gene Annotation

The process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do.

Gene expression

The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA or small nuclear RNA genes, the products is a functional RNA.

Genetic marker

A gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species.

Genomic

Genomics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of genes, which direct the production of proteins with the assistance of enzymes and messenger molecules.

Genomics also involves the sequencing and analysis of genomes.

H

Histone

Histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.

Homology

The existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa.

 

I

Inflammation

 

 

 

 

L

Locus

A fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker(genetic marker)

 

M

Metagenome

 

Modifier genes

A gene that alters the phenotypic expression of another gene

Mutation

 

 

N

Neurodegenerative

 

O

Open flame

 

Orthology

 

 

P

Paralogy

 

Personalized medicine

 

Phylogenetic tree

 

 

Q

Query

 

 

R

Replicating fork

 

 

S

Sequence assembly

 

Sequencing

 

 

T

Topology

Taxa

 

 

V

Variation