Difference between revisions of "The tiger, lion, and leopard genomes publicized"

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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<div>&nbsp;<span style="font-size: x-large;">The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes</span></div>
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<h1 class="article-heading" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; font-size: 28.799999237060547px; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.173; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif;">The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes</h1>
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<div>&nbsp;</div>
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<ul class="authors citation-authors" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;">
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<div>Yun Sung Cho, Li Hu, Haolong Hou, Hang Lee, Jiaohui Xu, Soowhan Kwon, Sukhun Oh, Hak-Min Kim, Sungwoong Jho, Sangsoo Kim, Young-Ah Shin, Byung Chul Kim, Hyunmin Kim, Chang-uk Kim, Shu-Jin Luo, Warren E. Johnson, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Anne Schmidt-K&uuml;ntzel, Jason A. Turner, Laurie Marker, Cindy Harper, Susan M. Miller, Wilhelm Jacobs, Laura D. Bertola, Tae Hyung Kim, Sunghoon Lee, Qian Zhou, Hyun-Ju Jung, Xiao Xu, Priyvrat Gadhvi, Pengwei Xu, Yingqi Xiong, Yadan Luo, Shengkai Pan, Caiyun Gou, Xiuhui Chu, Jilin Zhang, Sanyang Liu, Jing He, Ying Chen, Linfeng Yang, Yulan Yang, Jiaju He, Sha Liu, Junyi Wang, Chul Hong Kim, Hwanjong Kwak, Jong-Soo Kim, Seungwoo Hwang, Junsu Ko, Chang-Bae Kim, Sangtae Kim, Damdin Bayarlkhagva, Woon Kee Paek, Seong-Jin Kim, Stephen J. O&rsquo;Brien, Jun Wang &amp; [[Jong Bhak]]</div>
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-1" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Yun Sung Cho</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
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<div>&nbsp;</div>
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-2" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Li Hu</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
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<div>[[AffiliationsContributionsCorresponding authors]]</div>
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-3" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Haolong Hou</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
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<div>&nbsp;</div>
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-4" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Hang Lee</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
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<div>Nature Communications 4, Article number: 2433 doi:10.1038/ncomms3433</div>
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-5" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Jiaohui Xu</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
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<div>Received 02 May 2013 Accepted 13 August 2013 Published 17 September 2013</div>
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-6" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Soowhan Kwon</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
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<div>&nbsp;</div>
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-7" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Sukhun Oh</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
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<div>&nbsp;</div>
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-8" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Hak-Min Kim</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
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<div><b><span style="font-size: large;">Abstract</span></b></div>
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-9" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Sungwoong Jho</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
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<div><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;">Tigers and their close relatives (</span><i style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;">Panthera</i><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;">) are some of the world&rsquo;s most endangered species. &nbsp;Here we report the&nbsp;</span><i style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;">de novo</i><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;">&nbsp;assembly of an Amur tiger whole-genome sequence as well as the genomic sequences of a white Bengal tiger, African lion, white African lion and snow leopard. &nbsp;Through comparative genetic analyses of these genomes, we find genetic signatures that may reflect molecular adaptations consistent with the big cats&rsquo; hypercarnivorous diet and muscle strength. &nbsp;We report a snow leopard-specific genetic determinant in&nbsp;</span><i style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;">EGLN1</i><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;">&nbsp;(Met39&gt;Lys39), which is likely to be associated with adaptation to high altitude. &nbsp;We also detect a&nbsp;</span><i style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;">TYR</i><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;">260G&gt;A mutation likely responsible for the white lion coat colour. &nbsp;Tiger and cat genomes show similar repeat composition and an appreciably conserved synteny. &nbsp;Genomic data from the five big cats provide an invaluable resource for resolving easily identifiable phenotypes evident in very close, but distinct, species.</span></div>
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-10" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Sangsoo Kim</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
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<div>&nbsp;</div>
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-11" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Young-Ah Shin</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
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<div>&nbsp;</div>
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-12" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Byung Chul Kim</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
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<div>&nbsp;</div>
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-13" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Hyunmin Kim</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-14" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Chang-uk Kim</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-15" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Shu-Jin Luo</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-16" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Warren E. Johnson</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-17" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Klaus-Peter Koepfli</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-18" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Anne Schmidt-K&uuml;ntzel</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-19" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Jason A. Turner</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-20" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Laurie Marker</span></a><span class="comma" style="display: inline;">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-21" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Cindy Harper</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-22" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Susan M. Miller</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-23" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Wilhelm Jacobs</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-24" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Laura D. Bertola</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-25" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Tae Hyung Kim</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-26" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Sunghoon Lee</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-27" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Qian Zhou</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-28" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Hyun-Ju Jung</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-29" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Xiao Xu</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-30" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Priyvrat Gadhvi</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-31" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Pengwei Xu</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-32" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Yingqi Xiong</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-33" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Yadan Luo</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-34" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Shengkai Pan</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-35" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Caiyun Gou</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-36" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Xiuhui Chu</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-37" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Jilin Zhang</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-38" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Sanyang Liu</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-39" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Jing He</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-40" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Ying Chen</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-41" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Linfeng Yang</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-42" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Yulan Yang</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-43" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Jiaju He</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-44" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Sha Liu</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-45" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Junyi Wang</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-46" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Chul Hong Kim</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-47" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Hwanjong Kwak</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-48" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Jong-Soo Kim</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-49" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Seungwoo Hwang</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-50" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Junsu Ko</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-51" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Chang-Bae Kim</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
−
    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-52" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Sangtae Kim</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-53" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Damdin Bayarlkhagva</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
−
    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-54" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Woon Kee Paek</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-55" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Seong-Jin Kim</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard  c1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-56" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Stephen J. O&rsquo;Brien</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard  c1 no-comma" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#auth-57" class="name" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Jun Wang</span></a></li>
 
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    <li class="vcard last-author c1 no-comma" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline;">&amp;&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">[[Jong Bhak]]</span></span></li>
 
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<ul id="author-links" class="cleared" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;">
 
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    <li class="first" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0px; list-style: none; float: left; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-position: 0px 0.6ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#affil-auth" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">Affiliations</a></li>
 
−
    <li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em; list-style: none; float: left; background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-attachment: scroll; background-position: 0px 0.6ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#contrib-auth" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">Contributions</a></li>
 
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    <li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em; list-style: none; float: left; background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-attachment: scroll; background-position: 0px 0.6ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html#corres-auth" style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">Corresponding authors</a></li>
 
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</ul>
 
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<dl class="citation" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;"><dd class="journal-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; font-style: italic; text-transform: capitalize; display: inline;">Nature Communications</dd>&nbsp;<dd class="volume" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; font-weight: bold; display: inline;">4<span style="font-weight: normal;">,</span></dd>&nbsp;<dt class="seq" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;">Article number:</dt>&nbsp;<dd class="page" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; display: inline;">2433</dd>&nbsp;<dd class="doi" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px; display: inline; background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-position: 0px 0.4ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">doi:10.1038/ncomms3433</dd></dl><dl class="citation dates" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;"><dt class="received first" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; display: inline; background-image: none !important;">Received</dt>&nbsp;<dd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; display: inline;"><time datetime="2013-05-02">02 May 2013&nbsp;</time></dd><dt class="accepted" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 8px; display: inline; background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-position: 0px 0.4ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Accepted</dt>&nbsp;<dd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; display: inline;"><time datetime="2013-08-13">13 August 2013&nbsp;</time></dd><dt class="published-online" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 8px; display: inline; background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-position: 0px 0.4ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Published</dt>&nbsp;<dd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; display: inline;"><time datetime="2013-09-17">17 September 2013</time></dd></dl><dl class="citation dates" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;"><br type="_moz" />
 
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</dl><dl class="citation dates" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px; line-height: 23.912500381469727px;"><br type="_moz" />
 
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Latest revision as of 14:12, 20 September 2013

 The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes
 
Yun Sung Cho, Li Hu, Haolong Hou, Hang Lee, Jiaohui Xu, Soowhan Kwon, Sukhun Oh, Hak-Min Kim, Sungwoong Jho, Sangsoo Kim, Young-Ah Shin, Byung Chul Kim, Hyunmin Kim, Chang-uk Kim, Shu-Jin Luo, Warren E. Johnson, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Jason A. Turner, Laurie Marker, Cindy Harper, Susan M. Miller, Wilhelm Jacobs, Laura D. Bertola, Tae Hyung Kim, Sunghoon Lee, Qian Zhou, Hyun-Ju Jung, Xiao Xu, Priyvrat Gadhvi, Pengwei Xu, Yingqi Xiong, Yadan Luo, Shengkai Pan, Caiyun Gou, Xiuhui Chu, Jilin Zhang, Sanyang Liu, Jing He, Ying Chen, Linfeng Yang, Yulan Yang, Jiaju He, Sha Liu, Junyi Wang, Chul Hong Kim, Hwanjong Kwak, Jong-Soo Kim, Seungwoo Hwang, Junsu Ko, Chang-Bae Kim, Sangtae Kim, Damdin Bayarlkhagva, Woon Kee Paek, Seong-Jin Kim, Stephen J. O’Brien, Jun Wang & Jong Bhak
 
 
Nature Communications 4, Article number: 2433 doi:10.1038/ncomms3433
Received 02 May 2013 Accepted 13 August 2013 Published 17 September 2013
 
 
Abstract
Tigers and their close relatives (Panthera) are some of the world’s most endangered species.  Here we report the de novo assembly of an Amur tiger whole-genome sequence as well as the genomic sequences of a white Bengal tiger, African lion, white African lion and snow leopard.  Through comparative genetic analyses of these genomes, we find genetic signatures that may reflect molecular adaptations consistent with the big cats’ hypercarnivorous diet and muscle strength.  We report a snow leopard-specific genetic determinant in EGLN1 (Met39>Lys39), which is likely to be associated with adaptation to high altitude.  We also detect a TYR260G>A mutation likely responsible for the white lion coat colour.  Tiger and cat genomes show similar repeat composition and an appreciably conserved synteny.  Genomic data from the five big cats provide an invaluable resource for resolving easily identifiable phenotypes evident in very close, but distinct, species.
 
 
 
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