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== 2024.04.19 ==
=== P-value ===
=== Log ===
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale Logarithmic scales] reduce wide-ranging quantities to smaller scopes. For example, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel decibel] (dB) is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Units_of_measurement unit] used to express [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_(logarithmic_quantity) ratio as logarithms], mostly for signal power and amplitude (of which [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_pressure sound pressure] is a common example). In chemistry, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH pH] is a logarithmic measure for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid acidity] of an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_solution aqueous solution]. Logarithms are commonplace in scientific [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula formulae], and in measurements of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_complexity_theory complexity of algorithms] and of geometric objects called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractal fractals]. They help to describe [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency frequency] ratios of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_(music) musical intervals], appear in formulas counting [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number prime numbers] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling's_approximation approximating] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial factorials], inform some models in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychophysics psychophysics], and can aid in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_accounting forensic accounting].
The concept of logarithm as the inverse of exponentiation extends to other mathematical structures as well. However, in general settings, the logarithm tends to be a multi-valued function. For example, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_logarithm complex logarithm] is the multi-valued [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_function inverse] of the complex exponential function. Similarly, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_logarithm discrete logarithm] is the multi-valued inverse of the exponential function in finite groups; it has uses in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography public-key cryptography].<br/> <br/> full text link : [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm]<br/>
=== Likely hood ===