<p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Perl 5.6 was released on March 22, 2000. Major changes included&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>&nbsp;support,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>&nbsp;string representation, large file support (i.e. files over 2 GiB) and the &quot;our&quot; keyword.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-56delta_25-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-56delta-25" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-561delta_26-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-561delta-26" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgb(11, none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0, 128)%; white-space: nowrap; backgroundcolor: none;rgb(11,0,128)">[26]</a></sup>&nbsp;When developing Perl 5.6, the decision was made to switch the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_versioning" title="Software versioning" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Software versioning">versioning</a>&nbsp;scheme to one more similar to other open source projects; after 5.005_63, the next version became 5.5.640, with plans for development versions to have odd numbers and stable versions to have even numbers.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">In 2000, Wall put >In 2000, Wall put forth a call for suggestions for a new version of Perl from the community. The process resulted in 361 RFC (request for comments) documents that were to be used in guiding development of Perl 6. In 2001,<sup id><a href="cite_ref-27" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[27]</a></sup>&nbsp;work began on the apocalypses for&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_6" title="Perl 6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>, a series of documents meant to summarize the change requests and present the design of the next generation of Perl. They were presented as a digest of the RFCs, rather than a formal document. At this point, Perl 6 existed only as a description of a language.</p> <p style="margin: 0>Perl 5.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Perl 5.8 was first released on 8 was first released on July 18, 2002, and had nearly yearly updates since then. Perl 5.8 improved Unicode support, added a new I/O implementation, added a new thread implementation, improved numeric accuracy, and added several new modules.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-perl58delta_28-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-perl58delta-28" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[28]</a></sup>&nbsp;As of 2013 this version still remains the most popular version of Perl and is used by Red Hat 5, Suse 10, Solaris 10, HP-UX 11.33 and AIX 5.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37>In 2004, 37, 37)work began on the Synopses &ndash; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">In 2004, work began on the Synopses &ndash; documents that originally summarized the documents that originally summarized the Apocalypses, but which became the specification for the Perl 6 language. In February 2005,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey_Tang" title="Audrey Tang" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Audrey Tang">Audrey Tang</a>&nbsp;began work on&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pugs" title="Pugs" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Pugs">Pugs</a>, a Perl 6 interpreter written in&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)" title="Haskell (programming language)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">title="Haskell (programming language)">Haskell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-29" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgb(11, none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0, 128)%; white-space: nowrap; backgroundcolor: none;rgb(11,0,128)">[29]</a></sup>&nbsp;This was the first concerted effort towards making Perl 6 a reality. This effort stalled in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-30" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgb(11, none transparent scroll repeat 0, 128)% 0%; white-space: nowrap; backgroundcolor: none;rgb(11,0,128)">[30]</a></sup></p> <p style="margin: >On December 18, 2007, the 20th anniversary of Perl 1.0, Perl 5.5em 0px; line-height: 1710.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">On December 18, 2007, the 20th anniversary of Perl 1.0, Perl 5.10.0 was 0 was released. Perl 5.10.0 included notable new features, which brought it closer to&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_6" titlestyle="Perl 6" style="texttext-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>. These included a&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_statement" title="Switch statement" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Switch statement">switch statement</a>&nbsp;(called &quot;given&quot;/&quot;when&quot;), regular expressions updates, and the smart match operator, &quot;~~&quot;.<sup id="cite_ref-5100delta_31-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;">><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5100delta-31" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[31]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-perlsyn-smart_32-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-perlsyn-smart-32" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgb(11, none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0, 128)%; white-space: nowrap; backgroundcolor: none;rgb(11,0,128)">[32]</a></sup>&nbsp;Around this same time, development began in earnest on another implementation of Perl 6 known as&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakudo_Perl" title="Rakudo Perl" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Rakudo Perl">Rakudo Perl</a>, developed in tandem with the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot_virtual_machine" title="Parrot virtual machine" stylestyle="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Parrot virtual machine">Parrot virtual machine</a>. As of November 2009, Rakudo Perl has had regular monthly releases and now is the most complete implementation of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_6" title="Perl 6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">A major change in the development process of Perl 5 occurred with Perl 5.11; the development community has switched to a monthly release cycle of development releases, with a yearly schedule of stable releases. By that plan, bugfix point releases will follow the stable releases every three months.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">On April 12>On April 12, 2010, Perl 5.12.0 was released. Notable core enhancements include new&nbsp;<code style="font-family: monospace, Courier; color: black; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-radius: 2px; padding: 1px 4px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">package NAME VERSION>package NAME VERSION</code>&nbsp;syntax, the Yada Yada operator (intended to mark placeholder code that is not yet implemented), implicit strictures, full&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y2038" title="Y2038" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Y2038">Y2038</a>&nbsp;compliance, regex conversion overloading,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTrace" title="DTrace" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="DTrace">DTrace</a>&nbsp;support, and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>&nbsp;5.2.<sup id><a href="cite_refhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5120delta_335120delta-0" class="reference33" style="linetext-heightdecoration: none; background: 1none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; unicodewhite-bidispace: -webkit-isolatenowrap; font-sizecolor: rgb(11.1999998092651px;,0,128)">[33]</a href="http:></sup>&nbsp;On January 21, 2011, Perl 5.12.3 was released; it contains updated modules and some documentation changes.^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5120delta5123delta-3334" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgb(11, none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0, 128)%; white-space: nowrap; backgroundcolor: none;rgb(11,0,128)">[3334]</a>}&nbsp;On January 21Version 5.12.4 was released on June 20, 2011. The latest version of that branch, Perl 5.12.3 5, was released on November 10, 2012.</p> <p>On May 14, 2011, Perl 5.14 was released; it contains updated modules and some documentation changes.&nbsp;<sup ida href="cite_ref-5123delta_34-0" class="reference" style="line-heighthttp: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:///en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5123delta-34JSON" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="JSON">[34]JSON</a></sup>&nbsp;Version support is built-in as of 5.1214.4 was released on June 20, 20112. The latest version of that branch, 5.1214.54, was released on November March 10, 20122013.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">On May 14, 2011>On May 20, 2012, Perl 5.14 16 was released.&nbsp;Notable new features include the ability to specify a given version of Perl that one wishes to emulate, allowing users to upgrade their version of Perl, but still run old scripts that would normally be incompatible.^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONPerl#cite_note-5160delta_version-35" titlestyle="JSON" style="texttext-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">JSON[35]</a>}&nbsp;support is built-in as of Perl 5.14.2. The latest version of that branch, 516 also updates the core to support&nbsp;<a href="http://en.14wikipedia.4, was released on March 10, 2013.<org/wiki/p><p Unicode" style="margintext-decoration: 0.5em 0px; line-heightnone; background: 17.9200000762939pxnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" title="Unicode">On May 20, 2012, Perl 5Unicode</a>&nbsp;6.16 was released. Notable new features include the ability to specify a given version of Perl that one wishes to emulate, allowing users to upgrade their version of Perl, but still run old scripts that would normally be incompatible1.<sup id="cite_ref-5160delta_version_35-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5160delta_version-35" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[35]</a></sup>&nbsp;</p> <p>On May 18, 2013, Perl 5.16 also updates 18 was released. Notable new features include the core to support&nbsp;<new dtrace hooks, lexical subs, more CORE:: subs, overhaul of the hash for security reasons, support for Unicode 6.2.^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" title="UnicodePerl#cite_note-5180delta_version-36" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: nonetransparent scroll repeat 0% 0%;white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11,0,128)">Unicode[36]</a>&nbsp;6.1.</sup id="cite_ref-5160delta_version_35-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11></p> <p>On May 27, 2014, Perl 5.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en20 was released.wikipedia.orgNotable new features include subroutine signatures, hash slices/new slice syntax, postfix dereferencing (experimental), Unicode 6.3, rand() using consistent random number generator.^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5160delta_version5200delta_version-3537" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgb(11, none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0, 128)%; white-space: nowrap; backgroundcolor: none;rgb(11,0,128)">[3537]</a>}</p> <p style="margin: 0>Some observers credit the release of Perl 5.5em 0px; line-height10 with the start of the Modern Perl movement.^{<a href="http: 17//en.9200000762939pxwikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-38" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">On May 18[38]</a>}&nbsp;In particular, 2013, Perl 5.18 was released. Notable new features include this phrase describes a style of development that embraces the use of the new dtrace hooksCPAN, lexical subs, more CORE:: subs, overhaul takes advantage of recent developments in the hash for security reasonslanguage, support for Unicode 6.2and is rigorous about creating high quality code.<sup id="cite_ref-5180delta_version_36-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5180delta_version-3639" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3639]</a>}&nbsp;While the book &quot;Modern Perl&quot;</psup><p stylea href="marginhttp: 0//en.5em 0px; line-height: 17wikipedia.9200000762939px; colororg/wiki/Perl#cite_note-40" style="text-decoration: rgb(37, 37, 37)none; font-familybackground: sans-serifnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; fontwhite-sizespace: 14pxnowrap;color: rgb(11,0,128)">On May 27, 2014[40]</a></sup>&nbsp;may be the most visible standard-bearer of this idea, other groups such as the Enlightened Perl 5Organization^{<a href="http://en.20 was releasedwikipedia. Notable new features include subroutine signatures, hash slicesorg/wiki/new slice syntax, postfix dereferencing (experimental), Unicode 6.3, rand() using consistent random number generator.<sup id="cite_refPerl#cite_note-5200delta_version_37-041" classstyle="reference" style="linetext-heightdecoration: none; background: 1none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; unicodewhite-bidispace: -webkit-isolatenowrap; font-sizecolor: rgb(11.1999998092651px;,0,128)">[41]</a href="http:><//ensup>&nbsp;have taken up the cause.wikipedia.org/wiki</p> <p>In late 2012 and 2013 several projects for alternative implementations for Perl#cite_note-5200delta_version-37" style5 started: Perl5 in&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Perl6">[37]Perl6</a>&nbsp;by the Rakudo Perl team,}<a href="http://p><p en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-42" style="margin: 0.5em 0px; linetext-heightdecoration: 17.9200000762939pxnone; colorbackground: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Some observers credit the release of Perl 5.10 with the start of the Modern Perl movement.[42]</a></sup>&nbsp;<em>moe</em>&nbsp;by Stevan Little and friends,<sup id><a href="cite_refhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-38" class="reference43" style="linetext-heightdecoration: none; background: 1none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; unicodewhite-bidispace: -webkit-isolatenowrap; font-sizecolor: rgb(11.1999998092651px;,0,128)">[43]</a href="http:><//ensup><em>p2</em>^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-3844" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3844]</a>}&nbsp;In particularby the Perl11 team under Reini Urban, this phrase describes a style of development that embraces the use of the CPAN&nbsp;<em>gperl</em>&nbsp;by goccy, takes advantage of recent developments in the language, and is rigorous about creating high quality code.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;">><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-3945" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3945]</a></sup>&nbsp;While the book and&quotnbsp;Modern Perl<em>rperl</em>&quotnbsp;a kickstarter project led by Will Braswell and affiliated with the Perll11 project.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-40" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-4046" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4046]</a></sup></p> <h3>Name</h3> <p>Perl was originally named &quot;Pearl&nbspquot;may be . Wall wanted to give the most visible standardlanguage a short name with positive connotations; he claims that he considered (and rejected) every three- and four-bearer of this idea, other groups such as letter word in the Enlightened Perl Organization<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11dictionary. He also considered naming it after his wife Gloria.1999998092651pxWall discovered the existing&nbsp;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-41PEARL_(programming_language)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="PEARL (programming language)">[41]PEARL</a></sup>&nbsp;have taken up programming language before Perl&#39;s official release and changed the spelling of the causename.</psup><p a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-richardson1999-47" style="margintext-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0.5em 0px% 0%; linewhite-heightspace: 17.9200000762939pxnowrap; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">In late 2012 and 2013 several projects for alternative implementations for Perl 5 started: Perl5 in&nbsp;[47]</a href="http:></sup></en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl6" title="Perl6" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"p>Perl6 <p>When referring to the language, the name is normally capitalized (<em>Perl</em>) as a>&nbsp;by proper noun. When referring to the Rakudo Perl teaminterpreter program itself,the name is often uncapitalized (<em>perl<sup id="cite_ref/em>) because most Unix-42" class="reference" style="linelike file systems are case-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11sensitive.1999998092651pxBefore the release of the first edition of&nbsp;"<em>Programming Perl<a /em>, it was common to refer to the language as&nbsp;<em>perl</em>;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-42Randal_L._Schwartz" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[42]title="Randal L. Schwartz">Randal L. Schwartz</a>, however, capitalized the language&#39;s name in the book to make it stand out better when typeset. This case distinction was subsequently documented as canonical.</sup>&nbsp;<i>moe</i>&nbsp;by Stevan Little and friends,<sup id<a href="cite_refhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-43" class="referencecapitalization-48" style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1none; unicode-bidibackground: -webkit-isolatenone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; fontwhite-sizespace: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-43" style="text-decoration: nonenowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;"">[4348]</a></sup><i/p> <p>The name is occasionally expanded as&nbsp;<em>p2Practical Extraction and Report Language</iem>, but this is a&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a hrefa href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-44Backronym" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Backronym">[44]backronym</a>.</sup>&nbsp;by the Perl11 team under Reini Urban,&nbsp;<i>gperl</i>&nbsp;by goccy,<sup ida href="cite_ref-45" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="httphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-4549" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4549]</a></sup>&nbsp;andOther expansions have been suggested as equally canonical, including Wall&#39;s own humorous&nbsp;<iem>rperlPathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister</iem>.^{&nbsp;<a kickstarter project led by Will Braswell and affiliated with the Perll11 project.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href=href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-4650" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4650]</a>}&nbsp;Indeed, Wall claims that the name was intended to inspire many different expansions.</psup><h3 stylea href="marginhttp: 0//en.wikipedia.3em 0px 0px; overfloworg/wiki/Perl#cite_note-51" style="text-decoration: hiddennone; padding-topbackground: none transparent scroll repeat 0.5em% 0%; paddingwhite-bottomspace: 0pxnowrap; border-bottom-color: rgb(11,0,128)">[51]</a></sup></p> <h3>Camel symbol</h3> <div class="thumb tright" style: none; line="font-heightsize: 1.614px; font-family: sans-serif; background-imagewidth: noneauto; background-attachmentfloat: initialright; background-sizecolor: initialrgb(37,37,37); background-originclear: initialright; background-clipmargin: initial0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; backgroundline-positionheight: initial; background-repeat: initial;17px"><span div class="mw-headline" id="Namethumbinner">Name</span></h3><p style="marginfont-size: 0.5em 0px13px; line-heightoverflow: 17.9200000762939pxhidden; colorborder-top: rgb(37204, 37204, 37204)1px solid; fontborder-familyright: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; width: sans146px; min-serifwidth: 100px; fontborder-sizebottom: 14pxrgb(204,204,204) 1px solid;">Perl was originally named &quotpadding-bottom: 3px;Pearl&quottext-align: center;. Wall wanted to give the language a short name with positive connotationspadding-top: 3px; he claims that he considered (and rejected) every threepadding- and fourleft: 3px; border-letter word in the dictionary. He also considered naming it after his wife Gloria. Wall discovered the existing&nbsp;<a href="httpleft://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEARL_rgb(programming_language204,204,204)" title="PEARL (programming language)" style="text1px solid; padding-decorationright: none3px; background-color: rgb(11249, 0249, 128249); background: none;">PEARL</a>&nbsp;programming language before Perl's official release and changed the spelling of the nameclass="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.<sup id="cite_reforg/wiki/File:Perl-richardson1999_47camel-0" class="referencesmall.png" style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1none; unicode-bidibackground: -webkit-isolatenone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; font-sizecolor: rgb(11.1999998092651px;,0,128)"><a hrefimg alt="" class="thumbimage" src="http://enupload.wikipediawikimedia.org/wikiwikipedia/en/0/00/Perl#cite_note-richardson1999camel-47small.png" style="textbackground-decoration: none; color: rgb(11255, 0255, 128255); whiteborder-spacebottom: nowraprgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; backgroundborder-left: nonergb(204,204,204) 1px solid;">[47]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0pxborder-right:rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; lineborder-height: 17.9200000762939px; colortop: rgb(37204, 37204, 37204)1px solid; font-familyheight: sans149px; vertical-serifalign:middle; font-sizewidth: 14px;144px"/>When referring to the language, the name is normally capitalized (<i>Perl</i>) as a proper noun. When referring to the interpreter program itself, the name is often uncapitalized (<i>perl </i>) because most Unixdiv class="thumbcaption" style="font-like file systems are casesize: 12px; border-sensitive. Before the release of the first edition of&nbsptop: medium none;<i>Programming Perl</i>, it was common to refer to the language as&nbspborder-right: medium none; border-bottom: medium none;<i>perl</i>padding-bottom: 3px;<a href="httptext-align://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randal_L._Schwartz" title="Randal L. Schwartz" style="textleft; padding-decorationtop: none3px; colorpadding-left: rgb(11, 0, 128)3px; backgroundborder-left: medium none;">Randal Lline-height: 1. Schwartz</a4em; padding-right: 3px">, however, capitalized the language's name in the book to make it stand out better when typeset. This case distinction was subsequently documented as canonical.<sup iddiv class="cite_ref-capitalization_48-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-capitalization-48" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[48]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The name is occasionally expanded as&nbsp;<i>Practical Extraction and Report Language</i>, but this is a&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backronym" title="Backronym" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">backronym</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-49" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[49]</a></sup>&nbsp;Other expansions have been suggested as equally canonical, including Wall's own humorous&nbsp;<i>Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-50" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[50]</a></sup>&nbsp;Indeed, Wall claims that the name was intended to inspire many different expansions.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-51" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[51]</a></sup></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Camel_symbol">Camel symbol</span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;"><div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 3px; font-size: 13.1600008010864px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 146px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Perl-camel-small.png" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/00/Perl-camel-small.png" width="144" height="149" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="149" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: none; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; text-align: left;"><div class="magnifymagnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">&nbsp;</div>The Camel symbol used by O'&#39;Reilly Media</div>

 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><iem>Programming Perl</iem>, published by&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="O'Reilly Media">O'&#39;Reilly Media</a>, features a picture of a&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel" title="Camel" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Camel">dromedary camel</a>&nbsp;on the cover and is commonly called the &quot;Camel Book&quot;.<sup id="cite_ref-schwartz01_52-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-schwartz01-52" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[52]</a></sup>&nbsp;This image of a camel has become an unofficial symbol of Perl as well as a general&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_(programmer_subculture)" title="Hacker (programmer subculture)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Hacker (programmer subculture)">hacker</a>&nbsp;emblem, appearing on T-shirts and other clothing items.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">O'&#39;Reilly owns the image as a&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Trademark">trademark</a>&nbsp;but licenses it for&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-commercial" title="Non-commercial" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Non-commercial">non-commercial</a>&nbsp;use, requiring only an acknowledgement and a link to www.perl.com. Licensing for commercial use is decided on a case by case basis.<sup id="cite_ref-camel_53-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-camel-53" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[53]</a></sup>&nbsp;O'&#39;Reilly also provides &quot;Programming Republic of Perl&quot; logos for non-commercial sites and &quot;Powered by Perl&quot; buttons for any site that uses Perl.<sup id="cite_ref-camel_53-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-camel-53" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[53]</a></sup></p> <h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Onion_symbol">Onion symbol</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright" style="clearfont-size: right14px; floatfont-family: rightsans-serif; marginwidth: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4emauto; widthfloat: autoright; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-familyclear: sans-serifright; font-sizemargin: 14px0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; line-height: 17.9200000762939px;17px"><div class="thumbinner" style="font-size: 13px; overflow: hidden; border-top: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; border-right: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; width: 66px; min-width: 100px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204)1px solid; padding-bottom: 3px; fonttext-align: center; padding-sizetop: 13.1600008010864px3px; textpadding-alignleft: center3px; overflowborder-left: hiddenrgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; widthpadding-right: 66px3px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Onion_64x64.png" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Onion_64x64.png" widthstyle="64" height="64" class="thumbimage" databackground-filecolor:rgb(255,255,255); border-width="64" data-file-height="64" style="borderbottom: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid ; border-left:rgb(204, 204, 204)1px solid; verticalborder-alignright: middlergb(204,204,204) 1px solid; backgroundborder-colortop: rgb(255204, 255204, 255204)1px solid; height:64px; vertical-align:middle;width:64px" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 12px; border-top: medium none; border-right: medium none; lineborder-heightbottom: 1.4emmedium none; padding-bottom: 3px; fonttext-align: left; padding-sizetop: 12.370400428772px3px; textpadding-alignleft: 3px; border-left: medium none; line-height: 1.4em;padding-right: 3px"><div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">&nbsp;</div>

 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">At the 2000&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Reilly_Open_Source_Convention" titlestyle="O'Reilly Open Source Convention" style="texttext-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Perl Conference<title="O'Reilly Open Source Convention">Perl Conference</a>,&nbsp;<a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jon_Orwant&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon Orwant (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" title="Jon Orwant (page does not exist)">Jon Orwant</a>&nbsp;made a case for a major new language-initiative.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-85" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-85" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[85]</a></sup>&nbsp;This led to a decision to begin work on a redesign of the language, to be called Perl 6. Proposals for new language features were solicited from the Perl community at large, which submitted more than 300&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Request for Comments">RFCs</a>.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Wall spent the next few >Wall spent the next few years digesting the RFCs and synthesizing them into a coherent framework for Perl 6. He has presented his design for Perl 6 in a series of documents called &quot;apocalypses&quot; - numbered to correspond to chapters in&nbsp;<iem>Programming Perl</iem>. As of January 2011, the developing specification of Perl 6 is encapsulated in design documents called Synopses - numbered to correspond to Apocalypses.<sup id><a href="cite_refhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-syn6_86syn6-0" class="reference86" style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1none; unicode-bidibackground: -webkit-isolatenone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; fontwhite-sizespace: nowrap; color: rgb(11.1999998092651px;,0,128)">[86]</a href="http:></sup></en.wikipediap> <p>Perl 6 is not intended to be backward compatible, although there will be a compatibility mode.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-syn6-86" style6 and Perl 5 are distinct languages with a common ancestry.^{<a href="text-decorationhttp: none; color//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-perl6dev-87" style="text-decoration: none; background: rgb(11, none transparent scroll repeat 0, 128)% 0%; white-space: nowrap; backgroundcolor: none;rgb(11,0,128)">[8687]</a>}</p> <p style>Thesis work by&nbsp;<a href="marginhttp: 0//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradley_M.5em 0px_Kuhn" style="text-decoration: none; line-heightbackground: 17.9200000762939pxnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" title="Bradley M. Kuhn">Perl 6 is not intended to be backward compatibleBradley M. Kuhn</a>, overseen by Wall, although there will be considered the possible use of the&nbsp;<a compatibility modehref="http://en. Perl 6 and Perl 5 are distinct languages with a common ancestrywikipedia.<sup id="cite_ref-perl6dev_87-0" class="referenceorg/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1none; unicode-bidibackground: -webkit-isolatenone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; font-sizecolor: rgb(11.1999998092651px;,0,128)" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a>&nbsp;as a runtime for Perl.^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-perl6dev-8788" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8788]</a>}</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px&nbsp; line-height: 17Kuhn&#39;s thesis showed this approach to be problematic.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37In 2001, 37, 37); fontit was decided that Perl 6 would run on a cross-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Thesis work bylanguage&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradley_M._Kuhn" title="Bradley M. KuhnVirtual_machine" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Virtual machine">Bradley M. Kuhnvirtual machine</a>, overseen by Wall, considered the possible use of the&nbsp;called&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machineParrot_virtual_machine" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Java title="Parrot virtual machine">Parrot</a>&. This will mean that other languages targeting the Parrot will gain native access to&nbsp;as <a runtime for Perl.<sup idhref="cite_ref-88" class="referencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPAN" style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1none; unicode-bidibackground: -webkit-isolatenone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; font-sizecolor: rgb(11.1999998092651px;,0,128)" title="CPAN">CPAN</a href="http://en>, allowing some level of cross-language development.wikipedia.org</wiki/Perl#cite_note-88" stylep> <p>In 2005,&nbsp;<a href="text-decorationhttp: none//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey_Tang" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Audrey Tang">[88]Audrey Tang</a></sup>&nbsp;Kuhn's thesis showed this approach to be problematic. In 2001, it was decided that Perl 6 would run on a cross-language&nbsp;<created the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machinePugs" titlestyle="Virtual machine" style="text-text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Pugs">virtual machinepugs</a>&nbsp;called&project, an implementation of Perl 6 in&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot_virtual_machine" title="Parrot virtual machineHaskell_(programming_language)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Haskell (programming language)">ParrotHaskell</a>. This will mean that other languages targeting the Parrot will gain native access acted as, and continues to&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.orgact as, a test platform for the Perl 6 language (separate from the development of the actual implementation) - allowing the language designers to explore. The pugs project spawned an active Perl/wiki/CPAN" title="CPAN" style="textHaskell cross-language community centered around the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenode" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Freenode">CPANfreenode</a>, allowing some level of cross-language development&nbsp;#perl6 IRC channel.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37>As of 2012, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"a number of features in the Perl 6 language show similarities to Haskell.</p> <p>As of 2012, Perl 6 development centers primarily around two compilers:^{In 2005,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey_Tang" title="Audrey TangPerl#cite_note-89" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgbnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Audrey Tang[89]</a>&nbsp;created the&nbsp;}</p> <ol> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pugs" title="PugsRakudo_Perl_6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Rakudo Perl 6">pugsRakudo Perl 6</a>&nbsp;project, an implementation of Perl 6 inrunning on the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)Parrot_virtual_machine" title="Haskell (programming language)" stylestyle="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Parrot virtual machine">HaskellParrot virtual machine</a>. This acted as, &nbsp;and continues to act as, the&nbsp;<a test platform for the Perl 6 language (separate from the development of the actual implementation) - allowing the language designers to explorehref="http://en.wikipedia. The pugs project spawned an active Perlorg/Haskell cross-language community centered around the&nbsp;<a href="http:wiki//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreenodeJava_virtual_machine" titlestyle="Freenode" style="texttext-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Java virtual machine">freenodeJava virtual machine</a>&nbsp;#perl6 IRC channel.</p.^{<p stylea href="marginhttp: 0//en.5em 0px; line-height: 17wikipedia.9200000762939px; colororg/wiki/Perl#cite_note-90" style="text-decoration: rgb(37, 37, 37)none; font-familybackground: sans-serifnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; fontwhite-sizespace: 14pxnowrap;">As of 2012color: rgb(11,0, a number of features in the Perl 6 language show similarities to Haskell.128)">[90]</pa><p style/sup>&nbsp;Developers are also working on&nbsp;<a href="marginhttp: 0//en.5em 0px; line-height: 17wikipedia.9200000762939px; colororg/wiki/MoarVM" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"title="MoarVM">MoarVM</a>As of 2012, Perl 6 development centers primarily around two compilers:<sup id="cite_refa C language-89" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11based virtual machine designed specifically for Rakudo.1999998092651px;"^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-8991" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8991]</a>}</pli> <ol styleli><a class="linemw-heightredirect" href="http: 1//en.5em; margin: 0wikipedia.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-org/wiki/Niecza" style="text-imagedecoration: none; background: nonetransparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" title="Niecza"> Niecza<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em/a>, which targets the&nbsp;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakudo_Perl_6" title="Rakudo Perl 6Common_Language_Runtime" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgb(11, none transparent scroll repeat 0, 128); background: none;">Rakudo Perl 6</a>, an implementation running on the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot_virtual_machine" title="Parrot virtual machine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Parrot virtual machine</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Java virtual machine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-90" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[90]</a>}&nbsp;Developers are also working on&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoarVM" title="MoarVM" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">MoarVM</a>, a C language-based virtual machine designed specifically for Rakudo.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-91" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[91]</a></sup></li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niecza" title="Niecza" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Niecza</a>, which targets the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Runtime" title="Common Language Runtime" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Common Language Runtime</a>.</li>

 <h2 >Future of Perl 5<span style="font-weightfamily: normalsans-serif; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; borderfont-bottom-widthsize: 1px; border-bottom-small"><span style: solid; border-bottom-="color: rgb(17085, 17085, 17085); font-family">[</span><a href="http: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.3; background-image: nonephp?title=Perl&amp; background-attachment: initialaction=edit&amp; backgroundsection=19" style="text-sizedecoration: initialnone; background-origin: initialnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; background-clipcolor: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;rgb(11,0,128)"><span classtitle="mw-headline" id="Future_of_Perl_5">Edit section: Future of Perl 5">edit</spana><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-selectcolor: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;rgb(85,85,85)">]</span></span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</spanh2> <a href="http:p>Development of Perl 5 is also continuing. Perl 5.12.0 was released in April 2010 with some new features influenced by the design of Perl 6.,^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wwiki/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Future of Perl 5#cite_note-5120delta-33" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit[33]</a><span class/sup>^{<a href="mwhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-editsectionheise2010-bracket92" style="margintext-leftdecoration: 0pxnone; colorbackground: rgb(85, 85, 85)none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; marginwhite-rightspace: 0pxnowrap;color: rgb(11,0,128)">[92]</spana></spansup></h2><p style="margin: 0&nbsp;followed by Perl 5.5em 0px; line-height: 1714.9200000762939px; color: rgb1 (37released on June 17, 372011), 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Development of Perl 5 is also continuing. Perl 5.1216.0 was 1 (released in April 2010 with some new features influenced by the design of Perl 6on August 9, 2012.,<sup id><a href="cite_refhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5120delta_33-1" class="reference93" style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; unicodewhite-bidispace: -webkit-isolatenowrap; font-sizecolor: rgb(11.1999998092651px;,0,128)">[93]</a href="http:><//ensup>), and Perl 5.18.0 (released on May 18, 2013). Perl 5 development versions are released on a monthly basis, with major releases coming out once per year.^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-5120delta-3394" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3394]</a>}<sup id="cite_ref-heise2010_92-0" class="reference" style/p> <p>Future plans for Perl 5 include making the core language easier to extend from modules, and providing a small, extensible&nbsp;<a class="linemw-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;redirect"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_noteMeta-heise2010-92object_protocol" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white" title="Meta-space: nowrap; background: none;object protocol">[92]Meta-object protocol</a>}&nbsp;followed by Perl 5.14.1 (released on June 17, 2011), Perl 5.16.1 (released on August 9, 2012.in core.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-93" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="httphttp:///en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-9395" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9395]</a>}), and </p> <p>The relative proportion of searches for &#39;Perl 5.18.0 (released on May 18programming&#39;, 2013). Perl 5 development versions are released on a monthly basisas compared with similar searches for other programming languages, steadily declined from about 10% in 2005 to about 2% in 2011, with major releases coming out once per yearand has remained around the 2% level since.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-9496" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgb(11, none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0, 128)%; white-space: nowrap; backgroundcolor: none;rgb(11,0,128)">[9496]</a></sup></p> <h2>Perl community<p span style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;small">Future plans for Perl 5 include making the core language easier to extend from modules<span style="color:rgb(85, and providing a small85, extensible&nbsp;85)">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiw/Meta-object_protocol" index.php?title="Meta-object protocol" classPerl&amp;action=edit&amp;section="mw-redirect20" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background" title="Edit section: none;Perl community">Meta-object protocoledit</a>&nbsp;in core.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference" span style="line-heightcolor: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;rgb(85,85,85)">]<a /span></span></h2> <p>Perl&#39;s culture and community has developed alongside the language itself.&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-95Usenet" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgb(11, none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Usenet">[95]Usenet</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37&nbsp;was the first public venue in which Perl was introduced, 37but over the course of its evolution, 37)Perl&#39; fonts community was shaped by the growth of broadening Internet-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">based services including the introduction of the World Wide Web. The relative proportion of searches for 'community that surrounds Perl programming'was, as compared with similar searches for other programming languagesin fact, steadily declined from about 10% in 2005 to about 2% in 2011, and has remained around the 2% level sincetopic of Wall&#39;s first &quot;State of the Onion&quot; talk.<sup id><a href="cite_ref-96" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-9697" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgb(11, none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0, 128)%; white-space: nowrap; backgroundcolor: none;rgb(11,0,128)">[9697]</a></sup></p> <h3>State of the Onion<h2 span style="font-weightsize: normal; marginsmall"><span style="color: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflowrgb(85,85,85)">[</span><a href="http: hidden//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perl&amp; padding: 0pxaction=edit&amp; border-bottom-widthsection=21" style="text-decoration: 1pxnone; border-bottom-stylebackground: solidnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom-color: rgb(17011, 1700, 170128); font-family" title="Edit section: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;State of the Onion">edit</a><span classstyle="mw-headline" id="Perl_communitycolor:rgb(85,85,85)">Perl community]</span></span class></h3> <p>State of the Onion is the name for Wall&rsquo;s yearly&nbsp;<a href="mw-editsectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keynote" style="text-webkit-user-selectdecoration: none; font-sizebackground: smallnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; margin-leftcolor: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;rgb(11,0,128)" title="Keynote">keynote<span class="mw-editsection/a>-bracket" style="margin-right: 0pxsummaries on the progress of Perl and its community. They are characterized by his hallmark humor, employing references to Perl&rsquo; color: rgb(85s culture, 85the wider hacker culture, 85)Wall&rsquo; margin-left: 0pxs linguistic background, sometimes his family life, and occasionally even his&nbsp;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wwiki/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20Christian" titlestyle="Edit sectiontext-decoration: Perl community" style="text-decorationnone; background: nonetransparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Christian">editChristian</a>&nbsp;background.^{<span classa href="mw-editsection-bracket" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-98" style="margintext-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-leftspace: 0pxnowrap; color: rgb(8511, 850, 85128); margin-right: 0px;">[98]</spana></spansup></h2p> <p >Each talk is first given at various Perl conferences and is eventually also published online.</p> <h3>Perl pastimes<span style="margin: 0.5em 0px; linefont-heightsize: 17.9200000762939px; small"><span style="color: rgb(3785, 3785, 3785); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Perl's culture and community has developed alongside the language itself.&nbsp;[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiw/Usenet" index.php?title="UsenetPerl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background" title="Edit section: none;Perl pastimes">Usenetedit</a>&nbsp;was the first public venue in which Perl was introduced<span style="color:rgb(85, but over the course of its evolution85, Perl's community was shaped by the growth of broadening Internet-based services including the introduction of the World Wide Web. The community that surrounds Perl was85)">]</span></span></h3> <p>JAPHs</p> <p>In email, in factUsenet, and message board postings, the topic of Wall's first &quot;State of the Onion&quot; talk.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-97Just_another_Perl_hacker" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Just another Perl hacker">[97]Just another Perl hacker</a>&quot; (JAPH) programs are a common trend, originated by&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/sup></p><h3 wiki/Randal_L._Schwartz" style="margintext-decoration: 0.3em 0px 0pxnone; overflow: hidden; padding-topbackground: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0.5em%; padding-bottomcolor: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1rgb(11,0,128)" title="Randal L.6; font-familySchwartz">Randal L. Schwartz</a>, one of the earliest professional Perl trainers.^{<a href="http: sans//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-serif; background99" style="text-imagedecoration: none; background-attachment: initialnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; backgroundwhite-sizespace: initialnowrap; background-origincolor: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;rgb(11,0,128)">[99]</a><span class="mw-headline" id="State_of_the_Onion"/sup>State &nbsp;In the parlance of Perl culture, Perl programmers are known as Perl hackers, and from this derives the practice of writing short programs to print out the Onionphrase &quot;<a href="http:/span><span class="mw-editsection/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_another_Perl_hacker" style="text-webkit-user-selectdecoration: none; font-sizebackground: smallnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; font-weightcolor: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;rgb(11,0,128)"><span classtitle="mw-editsection-bracketJust another Perl hacker" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[>Just another Perl hacker</spana><a href="http://en,&quot;.wikipedia.org/w/indexIn the spirit of the original concept, these programs are moderately obfuscated and short enough to fit into the signature of an email or Usenet message.php?title=PerlThe &ampquot;action=editcanonical&ampquot;section=21" titleJAPH as developed by Schwartz includes the comma at the end, although this is often omitted.^{<a href="Edit sectionhttp: State of the Onion//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-100" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgb(11, none transparent scroll repeat 0, 128)% 0%; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mwwhite-editsection-bracket" style="margin-leftspace: 0pxnowrap; color: rgb(8511, 850, 85128); margin-right: 0px;">[100]</spana>}</spanp> <p>Perl golf</h3p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px>Perl &quot; line-height: 17.9200000762939pxgolf&quot; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">State is the pastime of reducing the number of the Onion is the name for Wallcharacters (key &rsquoquot;s yearlystrokes&nbspquot;<) used in a href=Perl program to the bare minimum, much in the same way that&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keynote" title="KeynoteGolf" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Golf">keynotegolf</a>-style summaries on the progress of Perl and its community&nbsp;players seek to take as few shots as possible in a round. They are characterized by his hallmark humor, employing references to PerlThe phrase&rsquo#39;s culture, the wider hacker culture, Wall&rsquo;s linguistic background, sometimes his family life, and occasionally even his&nbsp;<first use^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian" title="ChristianPerl#cite_note-perl-golf-coined-101" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgb(11, none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11,0, 128); background: none;">Christian[101]</a>}&nbsp;background.<sup id="cite_ref-98" classemphasized the difference between pedestrian code meant to teach a newcomer and terse hacks likely to amuse experienced Perl programmers, an example of the latter being&nbsp;<a class="reference" style="linemw-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;redirect"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-98JAPH" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="JAPH">[98]JAPHs</a>&nbsp;that were already used in signatures in Usenet postings and elsewhere. Similar stunts had been an unnamed pastime in the language&nbsp;}</p><p stylea href="marginhttp: 0//en.5em 0px; line-height: 17wikipedia.9200000762939px; color: rgborg/wiki/APL_(37, 37, 37programming_language); font" style="text-familydecoration: sans-serifnone; font-sizebackground: 14pxnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%;color: rgb(11,0,128)" title="APL (programming language)">Each talk is first given at various Perl conferences and is eventually also published online.APL</pa>&nbsp;in previous decades. The use of Perl to write a program that performed&nbsp;<h3 stylea class="margin: 0mw-redirect" href="http://en.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0wikipedia.5em; paddingorg/wiki/RSA_(algorithm)" style="text-bottomdecoration: 0pxnone; border-bottom-stylebackground: nonetransparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; line-heightcolor: 1rgb(11,0,128)" title="RSA (algorithm)">RSA</a>&nbsp;encryption prompted a widespread and practical interest in this pastime.6; font-family: sans-serif; background^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-rsa-102" style="text-imagedecoration: none; background-attachment: initialnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; backgroundwhite-sizespace: initialnowrap; background-origincolor: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;rgb(11,0,128)">[102]<span class="mw-headline" id="Perl_pastimes"/a>Perl pastimes</spansup><span class=&nbsp;In subsequent years, the term &quot;<a href="mw-editsectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_golf" style="text-webkit-user-selectdecoration: none; font-sizebackground: smallnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; font-weightcolor: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;rgb(11,0,128)"><span classtitle="mw-editsection-bracketCode golf" style="margin-right: 0px>code golf</a>&quot; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[has been applied to the pastime in other languages.</spansup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wwiki/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Perl pastimes#cite_note-103" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"">[103]</a>edit</asup>&nbsp;A&nbsp;<span a class="mw-editsection-bracketredirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Golf_Apocalypse" style="margintext-leftdecoration: 0pxnone; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(8511, 850, 85128); margin-right: 0px;" title="Perl Golf Apocalypse">]Perl Golf Apocalypse</spana></span></h3&nbsp;was held at Perl Conference 4.0 in Monterey, California in July 2000.</p> <p>Obfuscation</p> <dl stylep>As with C,&nbsp;<a class="marginmw-topredirect" href="http: 0//en.wikipedia.2emorg/wiki/Obfuscated_code" style="text-decoration: none; margin-bottombackground: none transparent scroll repeat 0.5em% 0%; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128)" title="Obfuscated code">obfuscated code</a>&nbsp; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17competitions were a well known pastime in the late 1990s.9200000762939pxThe&nbsp;"><dt stylea href="font-weighthttp: bold; margin-bottom: 0//en.wikipedia.1em;org/wiki/Obfuscated_Perl_Contest">JAPHs</dt><dd style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1.5emnone; margin-leftbackground: 1.6emnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; margin-bottomcolor: rgb(11,0.1em; margin-right: 0px;,128)" title="Obfuscated Perl Contest">In email, Usenet, and message board postings, Obfuscated Perl Contest</a>&nbsp;was a competition held by&quotnbsp;<a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiw/Just_another_Perl_hacker" index.php?title="Just another Perl hackerThe_Perl_Journal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11165, 088, 12888); background: none;">Just another title="The Perl hackerJournal (page does not exist)">The Perl Journal</a>&quotnbsp; (JAPH) programs are a common trend, originated byfrom 1996 to 2000 that made an arch virtue of Perl&nbsp#39;<a href="http://ens syntactic flexibility.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randal_L._Schwartz" title="Randal L. Schwartz" style="text-decoration: noneAwards were given for categories such as &quot; color: rgb(11, 0, 128)most powerful&quot; background: none&mdash;">Randal L. Schwartz</a>, one programs that made efficient use of the earliest professional Perl trainers.<sup id="cite_refspace&mdash;and &quot;best four-99" class="reference" line signature&quot; for programs that fit into four lines of 76 characters in the style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651pxof a Usenet&nbsp;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-99Signature_block" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Signature block">[99]signature block</a>.}&nbsp;In the parlance of Perl culture, Perl programmers are known as Perl hackers, and from this derives the practice of writing short programs to print out the phrase &quot;<a href="http://<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_another_Perl_hackerPerl#cite_note-gallo03-104" titlestyle="Just another Perl hacker" style="texttext-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Just another Perl hacker[104]</a>,&quot;. In the spirit}</p> <p>Poetry</p> <p>Perl poetry is the practice of the original conceptwriting poems that can be compiled as legal Perl code, these programs are moderately obfuscated and short enough to fit into for example the signature of an email or Usenet message. The piece known as&quotnbsp;canonical&quot; JAPH as developed by Schwartz includes the comma at the end, although this is often omitted.<sup ida href="cite_ref-100" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-100Black_Perl" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgb(none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Black Perl">[100]Black Perl</a></sup></dd><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1emPerl poetry is made possible by the large number of English words that are used in the Perl language. New poems are regularly submitted to the community at&nbsp;">Perl golf</dt><dd stylea href="line-heighthttp: 1//en.wikipedia.5em; marginorg/wiki/PerlMonks" style="text-leftdecoration: 1.6emnone; margin-bottombackground: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0.1em%; margin-rightcolor: 0px;rgb(11,0,128)">title="PerlMonks">PerlMonks</a>.^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl &quot#cite_note-105" style="text-decoration: none;golf&quotbackground: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; is the pastime of reducing the number of characters color: rgb(key &quot;strokes&quot;11,0,128) used in ">[105]</a Perl program to the bare minimum, much in the same way that&nbsp;><a href="http:/sup></en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" titlep> <h3>Perl on IRC<span style="Golffont-size:small" ><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(1185, 085, 12885); background: none;">golf[</aspan>&nbsp;players seek to take as few shots as possible in <a round. The phrase's first use<sup id="cite_ref-perl-golf-coined_101-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiw/index.php?title=Perl#cite_note-perl-golf-coined-101&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space" title="Edit section: nowrap; backgroundPerl on IRC">edit</a><span style="color: none;rgb(85,85,85)">[101]</aspan></span></suph3> <p>There are a number of&nbsp;emphasized the difference between pedestrian code meant to teach a newcomer and terse hacks likely to amuse experienced Perl programmers, an example of the latter being&nbsp;<<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAPH" title="JAPH" class="mw-redirectInternet_Relay_Chat" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgbnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Internet Relay Chat">JAPHsIRC</a>&nbsp;channels that were already used in signatures in Usenet postings offer support for the language and elsewheresome modules. Similar stunts had been an unnamed pastime in the language&nbsp;<a href/p> <table class="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APL_(programming_language)" title="APL (programming language)wikitable" style="textbackground-decoration: none; color: rgb(11249, 0249,249); border-bottom-color:rgb(170,170, 128170); backgroundborder-bottom-style: nonesolid;">APL</a>&nbspborder-collapse:collapse;in previous decades. The use of Perl to write a program that performed&nbsp;<a href="httpborder-left-color://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_rgb(algorithm170,170,170)" title="RSA (algorithm; border-left-style:solid; border-right-color:rgb(170,170,170)" class="mw; border-right-redirect" style="text-decoration: nonesolid; border-top-color: rgb(11170, 0170, 128170); background: none;">RSA</a>&nbsp;encryption prompted a widespread and practical interest in this pastime.<sup id="cite_ref-rsa_102border-top-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1solid; unicode-bidicolor: -webkit-isolateblack; font-sizefamily: 11.1999998092651pxsans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_notefont-rsa-102" style="text-decorationsize: none14px; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[102]</a>}&nbsp;In subsequent years, the term &quot;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_golf" title="Code golf" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">code golf</a>&quot; has been applied to the pastime in other languages.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-103" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[103]</a></sup>&nbsp;A&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Golf_Apocalypse" title="Perl Golf Apocalypse" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Perl Golf Apocalypse</a>&nbsp;was held at Perl Conference 4.0 in Monterey, California in July 2000.</dd><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Obfuscation</dt><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">As with C,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obfuscated_code" title="Obfuscated code" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">obfuscated code</a>&nbsp;competitions were a well known pastime in the late 1990s. The&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obfuscated_Perl_Contest" title="Obfuscated Perl Contest" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Obfuscated Perl Contest</a>&nbsp;was a competition held by&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Perl_Journal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Perl Journal (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">The Perl Journal</a>&nbsp;from 1996 to 2000 that made an arch virtue of Perl's syntactic flexibility. Awards were given for categories such as &quot;most powerful&quot;&mdash;programs that made efficient use of space&mdash;and &quot;best four-line signature&quot; for programs that fit into four lines of 76 characters in the style of a Usenet&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature_block" title="Signature block" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">signature block</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gallo03_104-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-gallo03-104" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[104]</a></sup></dd><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Poetry</dt><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">Perl poetry is the practice of writing poems that can be compiled as legal Perl code, for example the piece known as&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Perl" title="Black Perl" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Black Perl</a>. Perl poetry is made possible by the large number of English words that are used in the Perl language. New poems are regularly submitted to the community at&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PerlMonks" title="PerlMonks" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">PerlMonks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-105" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[105]</a></sup></dd></dl><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; font-family: sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Perl_on_IRC">Perl on IRC</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Perl on IRC" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">There are a number of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">IRC</a>&nbsp;channels that offer support for the language and some modules.</p><table class="wikitable" style="font-sizeline-height: 14px17px; margin: 1em 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"> <tbody> <tr> <th style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">IRC Network</th> <th style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">Channels</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.freenode.net</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#perl #perl6 #cbstream #perlcafe #poe</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.perl.org</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#moose #poe #catalyst #dbix-class #perl-help #distzilla #epo #corehackers #sdl #win32 #toolchain #padre #dancer</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.slashnet.org</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#perlmonks</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.oftc.net</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#perl</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.efnet.net</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#perlhelp</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.rizon.net</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#perl</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">irc.debian.org</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">#debian-perl</td> </tr> </tbody>

 <h3 >CPAN Acme<span style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; paddingfont-topsize: 0.5em; padding-bottomsmall"><span style="color: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-heightrgb(85,85,85)">[</span><a href="http: 1//en.wikipedia.6; font-family: sans-seriforg/w/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp; backgroundsection=24" style="text-imagedecoration: none; background-attachment: initialnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; background-sizecolor: initial; background-originrgb(11,0,128)" title="Edit section: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;CPAN Acme">edit</a><span classstyle="mw-headline" id="CPAN_Acmecolor:rgb(85,85,85)">CPAN Acme]</span></span class="mw-editsection" style></h3> <p>There are also many examples of code written purely for entertainment on the&nbsp;<a href="-webkit-user-selecthttp: none; font//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPAN" style="text-sizedecoration: smallnone; font-weightbackground: normalnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; margin-leftcolor: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1emrgb(11,0,128)" title="CPAN">CPAN</a>.&nbsp; display<code>Lingua: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidiRomana:: -webkit-isolatePerligata</code>, for example, allows writing programs in&nbsp;"><span classa href="mw-editsection-brackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" style="margintext-rightdecoration: 0pxnone; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(8511, 850, 85128); margin-left: 0px;" title="Latin">[Latin</spana>.^{<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wwiki/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24Perl#cite_note-106" titlestyle="Edit sectiontext-decoration: CPAN Acme" style="textnone; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-decorationspace: nonenowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit[106]</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px/sup>&nbsp; color: rgb(85Upon execution of such a program, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]the module translates its source code into regular Perl and runs it.</spanp> </spanp>The Perl community has set aside the &quot;<a href="http:/h3><p /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acme_Corporation" style="margin: 0.5em 0px; linetext-heightdecoration: 17.9200000762939pxnone; colorbackground: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(3711, 370, 37128)" title="Acme Corporation">Acme</a>&quot; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">There namespace for modules that are also many examples of code written purely for entertainment on the&nbsp;<a href="http://enfun in nature (but its scope has widened to include exploratory or experimental code or any other module that is not meant to ever be used in production).wikipedia.org/wikiSome of the Acme modules are deliberately implemented in amusing ways. This includes&nbsp;<code>Acme::Bleach</CPAN" title="CPAN" style="text-decoration: nonecode>, one of the first modules in the&nbsp; color<code>Acme: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">CPAN</acode>.&nbsp;namespace,<code stylesup><a href="fonthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-107" style="text-familydecoration: monospace, Couriernone; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; colorwhite-space: blacknowrap; bordercolor: 1px solid rgb(22111, 2210, 221128)">[107]</a>}&nbsp; border-radius: 2px; padding: 1px 4pxwhich allows the program&#39;s source code to be &quot;whitened&quot; background-color: rgb(249i.e., 249, 249all characters replaced with whitespace);"and yet still work.</p>Lingua::Romana::Perligata </codeh2>, for example, allows writing programs in&nbsp;Example code<a hrefspan style="httpfont-family://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latinsans-serif; font-size:small" ><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(1185, 085, 12885); background: none;">Latin[</aspan>.<sup ida href="cite_ref-106" class="referencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" style="linetext-heightdecoration: 1none; unicode-bidibackground: -webkit-isolatenone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; font-sizecolor: rgb(11.1999998092651px;,0,128)" title="Edit section: Example code">edit</a href><span style="httpcolor:rgb(85,85,85)">]</span></span></en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-106" styleh2> <p>In older versions of Perl, one would write the&nbsp;<a class="textmw-decoration: redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_World" style="text-decoration: none; colorbackground: rgbnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;" title="Hello World">[106]Hello World</a></sup>&nbsp;Upon execution of such a program, the module translates its source code into regular Perl and runs it.as:</p> <p div class="mw-geshi mw-code mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" style="marginfont-size: 0.5em 0px14px; lineborder-height: 17.9200000762939px; colortop: rgb(37221, 37221, 37221)1px solid; font-family: sans-serifmonospace, Courier; fontborder-sizeright: 14pxrgb(221,221,221) 1px solid;">The Perl community has set aside the &quotborder-bottom: rgb(221,221,221) 1px solid; padding-bottom: 1em;<a href="httpdirection://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acme_Corporation" title="Acme Corporation" style="textltr; padding-decorationtop: none1em; colorpadding-left: 1em; border-left: rgb(11221, 0221, 128221)1px solid; backgroundline-height: none1.3em;">Acme</a>&quotpadding-right: 1em; namespace for modules that are fun in nature background-color: rgb(but its scope has widened to include exploratory or experimental code or any other module that is not meant to ever be used in production249,249,249). Some of the Acme modules are deliberately implemented in amusing ways. This includes&nbsp;"><code stylediv class="fontperl source-familyperl" style="font-family: monospace, Couriermonospace; colorline-height: blacknormal; bordertab-size: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-radius: 2px; padding: 1px 4px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">Acme::Bleach</code>, one of the first modules in the&nbsp;<code style="font-family: monospace, Courier; color: black; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-radius: 2px; padding: 1px 4px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">Acme::</code>&nbsp;namespace,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.1999998092651px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#cite_note-107" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[107]</a></sup>&nbsp;which allows the program's source code to be &quot;whitened&quot; (i.e., all characters replaced with whitespace) and yet still work.</p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Example_code">Example code</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: Example code" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">In older versions of Perl, one would write the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_World" title="Hello World" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Hello World</a>&nbsp;program as:</p><div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi mw-code mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; font-family: monospace, Courier; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 1em; line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div class="perl source-perl" style="line-height: normal; tab-size: 4; font-family: monospace, monospace;"><pre class="de1" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; border: 0px none white; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2em; tab-size: 4; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: none;"4"><pre> <span class="kw3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">print</span> <span class="st0" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&quot;Hello World!<span class="es0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;"strong>\n</spanstrong>&quot;</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">In later versions, which support the say statement, one can also write it as:</p> <div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi mw-code mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" style="directionfont-size: 14px; border-top: ltrrgb(221,221,221) 1px solid; font-family: monospace, Courier; border-right: rgb(221,221,221) 1px solid ; border-bottom: rgb(221, 221, 221)1px solid; padding-bottom: 1em; direction: ltr; padding-top: 1em; padding-left: 1em; border-left: rgb(221,221,221) 1px solid; line-height: 1.3em; fontpadding-sizeright: 14px1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div class="perl source-perl" style="line-height: normal; tab-size: 4; font-family: monospace, monospace;"><pre class="de1" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; border: 0px none white; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2emnormal; tab-size: 4; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: none;"><pre> <span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>use</spanstrong> <span class="nu0" style="color: rgb(204, 102, 204);">5.010</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span> say <span class="st0" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&quot;Hello World!&quot;</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Good Perl practices require more complex programs to add the&nbsp;<tt style="font-family: monospace, Courier;">use strict;</tt>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<tt style="font-family: monospace, Courier;">use warnings;</tt>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_(programming)" title="Directive (programming)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Directive (programming)">pragmas</a>, leading into something like:</p> <div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi mw-code mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" style="directionfont-size: 14px; border-top: ltrrgb(221,221,221) 1px solid; font-family: monospace, Courier; border-right: rgb(221,221,221) 1px solid ; border-bottom: rgb(221, 221, 221)1px solid; padding-bottom: 1em; direction: ltr; padding-top: 1em; padding-left: 1em; border-left: rgb(221,221,221) 1px solid; line-height: 1.3em; fontpadding-sizeright: 14px1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div class="perl source-perl" style="line-height: normal; tab-size: 4; font-family: monospace, monospace;"><pre class="de1" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; border: 0px none white; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2emnormal; tab-size: 4; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: none;"><pre> <span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>use</spanstrong> strict<span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span> <span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>use</spanstrong> warnings<span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

<span class="kw3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">print</span> <span class="st0" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&quot;Hello World!<span class="es0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;"strong>\n</spanstrong>&quot;</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Here is a more complex Perl program, that counts down the seconds up to a given threshold:</p> <div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi mw-code mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" style="directionfont-size: 14px; border-top: ltrrgb(221,221,221) 1px solid; font-family: monospace, Courier; border-right: rgb(221,221,221) 1px solid ; border-bottom: rgb(221, 221, 221)1px solid; padding-bottom: 1em; direction: ltr; padding-top: 1em; padding-left: 1em; border-left: rgb(221,221,221) 1px solid; line-height: 1.3em; fontpadding-sizeright: 14px1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div class="perl source-perl" style="line-height: normal; tab-size: 4; font-family: monospace, monospace;"><pre class="de1" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; border: 0px none white; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2emnormal; tab-size: 4; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: none;"><pre> <span class="co1" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-style: italic;"em>#!/usr/bin/perl</spanem> <span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>use</spanstrong> strict<span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span> <span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>use</spanstrong> warnings<span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span> <span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>use</spanstrong> IO<span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">::</span><span class="me2" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Handle</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

<span class="kw1" style="color: rgb(177, 177, 0);">my</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">(</span> <span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$remaining</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">,</span> <span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$total</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">)</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

<span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$remaining</span> <span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">=</span> <span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$total</span> <span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">=</span> <span class="kw3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">shift</span><span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">(</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">@</span><span class="kw2" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>ARGV</spanstrong><span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">)</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

STDOUT<span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">-&gt;</span><span class="me1" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">autoflush</span><span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">(</span><span class="nu0" style="color: rgb(204, 102, 204);">1</span><span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">)</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

<span class="kw1" style="color: rgb(177, 177, 0);">while</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">(</span> <span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$remaining</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">)</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">{</span> <span class="kw3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">printf</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">(</span> <span class="st0" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&quot;Remaining %s/%s <span class="es0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;"strong>\r</spanstrong>&quot;</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">,</span> <span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$remaining</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">--,</span> <span class="re0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">$total</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">)</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span> <span class="kw3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">sleep</span> <span class="nu0" style="color: rgb(204, 102, 204);">1</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span> <span class="br0" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">}</span>

<span class="kw3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">print</span> <span class="st0" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&quot;<span class="es0" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;"strong>\n</spanstrong>&quot;</span><span class="sy0" style="color: rgb(51, 153, 51);">;</span>

 <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The perl interpreter can also be used for one-off scripts on the command line. The following example as invoked from an sh-compatible shell such as Bash translates the string &quot;Bob&quot; in all files ending with .txt in the current directory to &quot;Robert&quot;:</p> <div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi mw-code mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" style="directionfont-size: 14px; border-top: ltrrgb(221,221,221) 1px solid; font-family: monospace, Courier; border-right: rgb(221,221,221) 1px solid ; border-bottom: rgb(221, 221, 221)1px solid; padding-bottom: 1em; direction: ltr; padding-top: 1em; padding-left: 1em; border-left: rgb(221,221,221) 1px solid; line-height: 1.3em; fontpadding-sizeright: 14px1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div class="bash source-bash" style="line-height: normal; tab-size: 4; font-family: monospace, monospace;"><pre class="de1" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; border: 0px none white; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2emnormal; tab-size: 4; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: none;"><pre> $ <span class="kw2" style="color: rgb(194, 12, 185); font-weight: bold;"strong>perl</spanstrong> -i.bak <span class="re5" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 51);">-lp</span> <span class="re5" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 51);">-e</span> <span class="st_h" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">'&#39;s/Bob/Robert/g'&#39;</span> <span class="sy0" style="font-weight: bold;"strong>*</spanstrong>.txt

 <h2>Further reading</h2 style> <ul> <li><a class="external text" href="font-weighthttp: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0//shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920018452.25em; overflowdo" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: hiddennone; paddingbackground: 0pxnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170102, 17051, 170102); fontpadding-familyright: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times13px">Learning Perl</a>&nbsp;6th Edition (2011), serifO&#39; line-height: 1Reilly.3; backgroundBeginner-imagelevel introduction to Perl.</li> <li><a class="external text" href="http: none; background-attachment: initial; background//ofps.oreilly.com/titles/9781118013847/index.html" rel="nofollow" style="text-sizedecoration: initialnone; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initialnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; background-positioncolor: initialrgb(102,51,102); backgroundpadding-repeatright: initial;13px">Beginning Perl<span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading"/a>Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none&nbsp;1st Edition (2012), Wrox. A beginner&#39; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-aligns tutorial for those new to programming or just new to Perl.</li> <li><a class="external text" href="http: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline//onyxneon.com/books/modern_perl/" rel="nofollow" style="text-block; white-spacedecoration: nowrapnone; unicode-bidibackground: -webkit-isolatenone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(102,51,102); fontpadding-familyright: sans-serif;13px">Modern Perl<span class/a>&nbsp;2nd Edition (2012), Onyx Neon. Describes&nbsp;<a class="mw-editsection-bracketnew" stylehref="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="httphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PerlModern_Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;sectionredlink=281" title="Edit section: Further reading" stylestyle="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11165, 088, 12888)" title="Modern Perl (page does not exist); background: none;">editModern Perl</a>&nbsp;programming techniques.<span class="mw-editsection-bracket/li> <li><a class="external text" stylehref="margin-lefthttp: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2><ul styleshop.oreilly.com/product/9780596004927.do" rel="line-heightnofollow" style="text-decoration: 1.5emnone; marginbackground: none transparent scroll repeat 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em% 0%; paddingcolor: 0px; list-style-image: urlrgb(data102,51,102); padding-right:image13px">Programming Perl</svg+xmla>&nbsp;4th Edition (2012),%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221O&#39;Reilly.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2FwwwThe definitive Perl reference.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221</li> <li><a class="external text" href="http://www.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222pearsonhighered.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222com/educator/product/Effective-Perl-Programming-Ways-to-Write-Better-More-Idiomatic-Perl-2E/9780321496942.5%22%20fillpage" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0%3D0%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: ; color: rgb(37102, 3751, 37102); fontpadding-familyright: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;13px"> Effective Perl Programming<li style="margin/a>&nbsp;2nd Edition (2010), Addison-bottom: 0Wesley.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" Intermediate- to advanced-level guide to writing idiomatic Perl.</li> <li><em><a href="http://shopen.oreillywikipedia.comorg/productwiki/0636920018452.doPerl_Cookbook" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(10211, 510, 102128)" title="Perl Cookbook">Perl Cookbook</a></em>,&nbsp; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no<a class="internal mw-magiclink-repeat, url(dataisbn" href="http:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0596003137" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0%220%20encoding%3D%22UTF; color: rgb(11,0,128)">ISBN 0-596-00313-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww7</a>.w3Practical Perl programming examples.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826</li> <li>Dominus, Mark Jason (2005).429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225&nbsp;<a class="external text" href="http://hop.982%22%20height%3D%225perl.982%22%20x%3D%22826plover.929%22%20ycom/book/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0%3D0%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831; color: rgb(102,51,102); padding-right: 13px"><em>Higher Order Perl</em></a>.194%20698Morgan Kaufmann.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201&nbsp;<a href="http://en.545-1wikipedia.31org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" style="text-1.31-2.725decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0%202.725-2.689-2.6890%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Learning Perl</a>&nbsp;6th Edition (2011), O'Reilly. Beginner-level introduction to Perl.</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ofps.oreilly.com/titles/9781118013847/index.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Beginning Perl</a>&nbsp;1st Edition (2012), Wrox. A beginner's tutorial for those new to programming or just new to Perl.</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onyxneon.com/books/modern_perl/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Modern Perl</a>&nbsp;2nd Edition (2012), Onyx Neon. Describes&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modern_Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Modern Perl (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Modern Perl</a>&nbsp;programming techniques.</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shop.oreilly.com/product/9780596004927.do" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Programming Perl</a>&nbsp;4th Edition (2012), O'Reilly. The definitive Perl reference.</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pearsonhighered.com/educator/product/Effective-Perl-Programming-Ways-to-Write-Better-More-Idiomatic-Perl-2E/9780321496942.page" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Effective Perl Programming</a>&nbsp;2nd Edition (2010), Addison-Wesley. Intermediate- to advanced-level guide to writing idiomatic Perl.</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Cookbook" title="Perl Cookbook" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Perl Cookbook</a></i>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0596003137" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">ISBN 0-596-00313-7</a>. Practical Perl programming examples.</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="citation book" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Dominus, Mark Jason (2005).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hop.perl.plover.com/book/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;"><i>Higher Order Perl</i></a>. Morgan Kaufmann.&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number; color: rgb(11,0,128)" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55860-701-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-55860-701-3" style="text-decoration: nonea>&nbsp; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1-55860-701-3</a>.</span>&nbsp;Functional programming techniques in Perl.</li>

 <h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-webkitfamily:sans-user-select: noneserif; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section: See also" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background" title="Edit section: none;See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2> <div class="noprint portal tright" style="clearfont-size: right14px; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; colorborder-top: rgb(37170, 37170, 37170)1px solid; font-family: sans-serif; fontborder-sizeright: 14pxrgb(170,170,170) 1px solid; lineborder-heightbottom: rgb(170,170,170) 1px solid; float: right; color: rgb(37,37,37); clear: 17.9200000762939pxright; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170)1px solid; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em;line-height: 17px"><table style="background:rgb(249,249,249); font-size: 11.8999996185303px11px; line-height: 13.0899991989136px13px; max-width: 175px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249);"> <tbody> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Free_and_open-source_software_logo_(2009).svg" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="Portal icon" class="noviewer" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" widthstyle="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_openborder-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42pxbottom:medium none; border-Free_and_openleft:medium none; border-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-fileright:medium none; border-top:medium none; height="512" style="border: none28px; vertical-align: middle;width:28px" /></a></td> <td style="padding: 0px 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Free_software" title="Portal:Free software" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background" title="Portal: none;Free software">Free software portal</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle;"> <td style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:8bit-dynamiclist.gif" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="Portal icon" class="noviewer" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/8bit-dynamiclist.gif/28px-8bit-dynamiclist.gif" widthstyle="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/8bitborder-dynamiclist.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/8bitbottom:medium none; border-dynamiclist.gif 2x" dataleft:medium none; border-file-width="32" data-fileright:medium none; border-top:medium none; height="32" style="border: none28px; vertical-align: middle;width:28px" /></a></td> <td style="padding: 0px 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming" title="Portal:Computer programming" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background" title="Portal: none;Computer programming">Computer programming portal</a></td> </tr> </tbody>

 <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Perl" title="Outline of Perl" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Outline of Perl">Outline of Perl</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Data_Language" title="Perl Data Language" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Perl Data Language">Perl Data Language</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Object_Environment" title="Perl Object Environment" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Perl Object Environment">Perl Object Environment</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_Old_Documentation" title="Plain Old Documentation" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Plain Old Documentation">Plain Old Documentation</a></li>

 <h2 >External links<span style="font-weightfamily: normalsans-serif; marginfont-size: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-colorsmall"><span style="color: rgb(17085, 17085, 17085); font-family">[</span><a href="http: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.3php?title=Perl&amp; background-image: noneaction=edit&amp; background-attachment: initial; backgroundsection=30" style="text-sizedecoration: initialnone; background-origin: initialnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; background-clipcolor: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;rgb(11,0,128)"><span classtitle="mw-headline" id="External_linksEdit section: External links">External linksedit</spana><span classstyle="mw-editsectioncolor:rgb(85,85,85)" style>]</span></span></h2> <table class="mbox-webkit-user-selectsmall metadata plainlinks" style="background: nonergb(249,249,249); fontborder-size: small; marginbottom-leftcolor: 1emrgb(170,170,170); verticalborder-align: baseline; linebottom-heightstyle: 1emsolid; display: inlineborder-block; whiteleft-space: nowrap; unicode-bidicolor: rgb(170,170,170); border-webkitleft-isolatestyle:solid; fontborder-right-familycolor: sans-serifrgb(170,170,170);"><span class="mwborder-editsectionright-bracket" style="margin-right: 0pxsolid; border-top-color: rgb(85170, 85170, 85170); marginborder-top-leftstyle:solid; clear: 0pxright;">[</span><a href="httpcolor://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perl&amprgb(37,37,37);action=edit&ampfloat:right;section=30" title="Edit sectionfont-family: External links" style="textsans-serif; font-decorationsize: none12px; colorline-height: rgb(11, 0, 128)1.25em; backgroundmargin: none4px 0px 4px 1em;">edit</a><span class="mwpadding-editsection-bracket" style="marginbottom:0.5em; padding-left: 0px0.75em; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); marginpadding-right: 0px0.5em;padding-top:0.25em; width:238px">] </spantbody> </span></h2tr> <table classtd colspan="metadata plainlinks mbox-small2" style="fonttext-sizealign: 12.3199996948242px; center"> <div style="clear: right; float: rightboth">Find more about<br /> <strong>Perl</strong><br /> at Wikipedia&#39; margin: 4px 0px 4px 1ems&nbsp; width<a href="http: 238px; line-height: 1//en.wikipedia.25em; colororg/wiki/Wikipedia: rgb(37, 37, 37); fontWikimedia_sister_projects" style="text-familydecoration: sans-serifnone; paddingbackground: none transparent scroll repeat 0.25em % 0.5em 0.5em 0.75em; border-style: solid; border-color: %; color: rgb(17011, 1700, 170128); background" title="Wikipedia: rgb(249, 249, 249);Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <tbody/td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan><a href="2http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perl" style="paddingtext-bottomdecoration: 0.75em; border-bottom-stylenone; background: solidnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom-color: rgb(17011, 1700, 170128); text-align: center;" title="Search Wiktionary"> <div styleimg alt="Search Wiktionary" src="clearhttp: both;">Find more about<br /> <b>Perl</b><br upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/> at Wikipedia's&nbsp;<a href="http:f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/23px-Wiktionary-logo-en.wikipediasvg.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" titlepng" style="Wikipediaborder-bottom:Wikimedia sister projects" style="textmedium none; border-decorationleft: medium none; colorborder-right: rgb(11, 0, 128)medium none; border-top:medium none; height:25px; backgroundvertical-align: nonemiddle;width:23px"/>sister projects</a></divtd> <td>Definitions&nbsp;from Wiktionary</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 25px;"> <td style="padding-top: 0.75em;"><a href="http://en.wiktionarywikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perl" title="Search Wiktionary" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Search Wikiquote"><img alt="Search WiktionaryWikiquote" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8fa/WiktionaryWikiquote-logo-en.svg/23px21px-WiktionaryWikiquote-logo-en.svg.png" widthstyle="23" height="25" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionaryborder-bottom:medium none; border-left:medium none; border-logoright:medium none; border-en.svgtop:medium none; height:25px; vertical-align:middle; width:21px" /35px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, ></a></upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumbtd> <td><a class="extiw" href="http:/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svgwikiquote.org/wiki/46pxPerl" style="text-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" style="border: decoration: none; vertical-alignbackground: middlenone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%;color: rgb(102,51,102)" title="q:Perl" />Quotations</a>&nbsp;from Wikiquote</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-top: 0.75em;"><a href="http://encommons.wiktionarywikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perl" classstyle="extiw" title="wikttext-decoration:Special:Search/Perl" style="text-decorationnone; background: nonetransparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(10211, 510, 102128); background: none;" title="Search Commons">Definitions<img alt="Search Commons" src="http:/a>&nbsp;from Wiktionary</td> <upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/tr> <tr style="height: 25px;Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png"> <td><a hrefstyle="httpborder-bottom://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Perl" title="Search Wikiquote" style="textmedium none; border-decorationleft: medium none; colorborder-right: rgb(11, 0, 128)medium none; backgroundborder-top: medium none;height:25px; vertical-align:middle; width:18px"/></a><img alt="Search Wikiquote" src="http:/td> <td>Media&nbsp;from Commons</upload.wikimediatd> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wikipediawiki/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.pngPerl_Programming" widthstyle="21" height=text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11,0,128)"25title=" srcsetSearch Wikibooks"><img alt="Search Wikibooks" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WikiquoteWikibooks-logo.svg/32px25px-WikiquoteWikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote" style="border-bottom:medium none; border-logo.svg/42pxleft:medium none; border-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-fileright:medium none; border-top:medium none; height="355" style="border: none25px; vertical-align: middle;width:25px" /></a></td> <td><a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikiquotewikibooks.org/wiki/Perl" class="extiw" title="q:PerlPerl_Programming" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background" title="b: none;Perl Programming">QuotationsTextbooks</a>&nbsp;from WikiquoteWikibooks</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 25px;"> <td><a href="http://commonsen.wikimediawikiversity.org/wiki/SpecialTopic:Search/Perl" title="Search Commons" stylestyle="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" title="Search Wikiversity"><img alt="Search CommonsWikiversity" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/encommons/thumb/41/4a1b/CommonsWikiversity-logo-en.svg/18px25px-CommonsWikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" widthstyle="18" height="25" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commonsborder-bottom:medium none; border-left:medium none; border-logo.svg/28pxright:medium none; border-Commonstop:medium none; height:23px; vertical-logo.svg.png 1.5x, align:middle; width:25px" /></a></td> <td><a class="extiw" href="http://uploaden.wikimediawikiversity.org/wikipediawiki/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2xTopic:Perl" data-file-widthstyle="1024" datatext-file-height="1376" style="borderdecoration: none; vertical-alignbackground: middlenone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%;" /></a></td> <td><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perl" class="extiw" title="c:Special:Search/Perl" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102color: rgb(102,51,102); background: none;">Media</a>&nbsp;from Commons</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 25px;"> <td><a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Perl_Programming" title="Search Wikibooks" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="Search Wikibooks" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" width="25" height="25" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Perl_Programming" class="extiw" title="b:Perl Programming" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: none;">Textbooks</a>&nbsp;from Wikibooks</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 25px;"> <td><a href="http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Topic:Perl" title="Search Wikiversity" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="Search Wikiversity" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/25px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" width="25" height="23" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/38px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/50px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Topic:Perl" class="extiw" title="v:Topic:Perl" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: none;">Learning resources</a>&nbsp;from Wikiversity</td> </tr> </tbody>

 <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="official website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perl.org/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Official website</a></span></span>&nbsp;Perl.org</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metacpan.org/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">MetaCPAN</a>&nbsp;the new Comprehensive Perl Archive Network Web interface</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpan.org/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Comprehensive Perl Archive Network</a>&nbsp;The canonical location for Perl code and modules</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perlfoundation.org/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">The Perl Foundation</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perlmonks.org/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">PerlMonks</a>&nbsp;A community committed to sharing Perl knowledge and coding tips</li>

 <table class="navbox" style="fontbackground:rgb(253,253,253); border-bottom-color:rgb(170,170,170); border-bottom-style:solid; border-left-sizecolor: 12.3199996948242pxrgb(170,170,170); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); widthborder-right-style: 1110pxsolid; marginborder-spacing: 1em auto auto0px; clearborder-top-color: bothrgb(170,170,170); textborder-top-alignstyle: centersolid; paddingclear: 1pxboth; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: sans-serif; borderfont-size:12px; margin:1em auto auto; padding-bottom:1px; padding-left:1px; padding-right:1px; padding-spacingtop: 0px1px; backgroundtext-align: rgb(253, 253, 253)center;width:1110px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px;"> <table class="nowraplinks autocollapse collapsible hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-innernowraplinks" id="collapsibleTable0" style="font-sizebackground: 12.3199996948242px; width: 1107.19995117188pxnone transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-spacing: 0px; backgroundfont-size: transparent12px;width:1107px"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" stylescope="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; background: rgb(204, 204, 255);"><span class="collapseButtoncol" style="float: right; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 6em;center">[<a id="collapseButton0" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl#" id="collapseButton0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">show</a>]</span> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="font-size: 12.3199996948242px12px; width: 6em; float: left; font-weight: normal; float: left; text-align: left; margin-right: 0.5em; width: 6em;"> <ul style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); display: inline; white-space: nowrap;"> <li class="nv-view" style="margin: 0px; display: inline; word-spacing: -0.125em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Perl" title="Template:Perl" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span title="View this template" style="font-variantTemplate: small-caps; border: none; background: none transparent;Perl">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk" style="margin: 0px; display: inline; word-spacing: -0.125em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Perl" title="Template talk:Perl" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span title="Discuss this template" style="font-variantTemplate talk: small-caps; border: none; background: none transparent;Perl">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit" style="margin: 0px; display: inline; word-spacing: -0.125em;"><a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Perl&amp;action=edit" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-bottom: 0px !important; backgroundpadding-top: none 0px !important;"><span title="Edit this template" style="fontpadding-variantleft: small0px !important; padding-caps; borderright: none; background: none transparent;0px !important">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size: 13.5519990921021px;"><span class="selflink" style="white-space: nowrap;13px">Perl</span></div> <div><span class="selflink" style="white-space: nowrap&nbsp;"><br /> </span></div> </th> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody>