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From Biolecture.org
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<p>However, telomeres can be also replenished by an enzyme called telomerase reverse transcriptase.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>Discovery History</strong></span></p>
<p>In the early 1970s : First recognization of telomere existence by notifying the shorter ends of chromosomes during replication. (Alexei Olovnikov)</p>
<p>In 1975–1977 : Discovering simple repeated DNA sequences located at end part of chromosomes. (Elizabeth Blackburn, Joseph Gall)</p>
<p>In 2009 : Discovering mechanism for protecting chromosomes by telomere and telomerase. (Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak)</p>
<p> This discovery was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:18px">Raised Questions about Telomere and Aging</span></strong></p>
<p>During the class, some questions involved in telomere and aging were suggested by classmates.</p>
<p>1. What is the exact definition of aging?</p>
<p>2. Between biological age and real-time age, which one can be said real age?</p>
<p>3. Can the truncation of telomere explain all the aging reason?</p>
<p>4. Is the telomere sequence same in chromosomes of different kind of cells?</p>
<p>And so on, so from now on, conclusions from my investigation and analysis would be covered in this page.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>1. What is the exact definition of aging?</strong></span></p>
<p>Aging means the process of becoming older. Usually age of individual can be counted from the time when it was born, and it is called chronological aging. Meanwhile, biological aging, as known as senescence, means the steady deterioration of cell characteristics that could function for continuing life activity. During the biological aging, cells' ability to maintain viability declines while tendency to be vulnerable to mortality grows after maturation. In sum, there are two kinds of definitions for aging - Real-time aging counted from time processing, and Biological aging counted by accumulation of cell malfunction.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>2. Between biological age and chronological age, which one can be said real age?</strong></span></p>
<p>Usually there is a proportional relationship between real-time age and biological age, since cells tend to be damaged to be vulnerable to mortality as the time goes on. The more time the individual goes on, its cells (Processing)</p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>3. Can the truncation of telomere explain all the aging reason?</strong></span></p>
<p>(Processing)</p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>4.</strong></span><span style="font-size:14px"><strong> Is the telomere sequence same in chromosomes of different kind of cells?</strong></span></p>
<p>(Processing)</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>[The (Processing) phrase would remain until I complete my opinions after the question.]</p>
