<h1p>Transcriptomics1. What is transcriptomics?</h1p> <h2ul> <font size="3"li>Definitionstudy of transcriptome--&gt; the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by DNA&nbsp;</fontli> <li>The&nbsp;transcriptome&nbsp;is the set of all messenger RNA (mRNA)&nbsp;molecules in one cell or a population of cells.&nbsp;It differs from the exome&nbsp;in that it includes only those RNA molecules found in a specified cell population, and usually includes the amount or concentration of each RNA molecule in addition to the molecular identities.</h2li><h2/ul> <span style="fontp>&nbsp; -sizemeasuring : mediummicro array and RNA-seq are used for measure about transcriptome in organisms.</p> <p>&nbsp;"</p> <p>2. Relationship between genomics and transcriptomics</spanp> <ul> <li>comparison of transcriptomes allow the identification of what kinds of genes are used in certain cell</h2li><h2/ul> <font size="p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>3. What are mRNAs?&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li>large family of RNA that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome</li> <li>related to transcription in which RNA polymerase makes mRNA transcripts from template DNA</li> <li>processing&nbsp;</li> <li> <ul> <li>5&#39; cap addition : critical for recognition by the ribosome &nbsp;/ protection from RNases</li> <li>Editing : change nucleotide composition of the mRNA</li> <li>polyadenylation : protecting mRNA from degrading by exonucleases</li> </ul> </li> <li>structure</li> <li> <ul> <li>coding region : composed of codons, containing genetic information<br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;coding region begin with start codon and end with stop codon</li> <li>untranslated region ( 5&#39; UTR / 3"&#39; UTR&nbsp;)</li> <li> <ul> <li>location : before the start codon &nbsp;/ after the stop codon</li> <li>feature : locus which are not translated</li> <li>advantage : mRNA stability, mRNA localization , translational efficiency</li> </ul> </li> <li>poly(A) tail&nbsp;</li> <li> <ul> <li>composition : lone repetitive sequences of adenine nucleotides</li> <li>function : promote export from the nucleus / stimulate translation / protect the mRNAfrom degradation (by exonucleases)</li> </fontul> </li> </h2ul> <h3/li><span style/ul> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src="font-sizefile:///C: medium/Users/john/AppData/Local/Temp/enhtmlclip/search.jpg" /></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;"</p> <p>measurment of 4. How to measure RNA expression?</spanp> <ul> <li>high-throughput methods &gt;&gt; microarray</h3li><h2/ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <span style="font-size: mediump>&nbsp;"</p> <p>5. Relationship between Transcriptome and Proteome.</spanp> <ul> <li>transcriptome is related to the mRNA transcript while Proteome is related to protein product. Because mRNA is intermediate of protein production, there relative amount of expression can indicate the expression degrees of others.</li></h2ul> <p>&nbsp;<h2/p> <span style="font-size: mediump>&nbsp;"</p> <p>6. What is a UTR?</p> <ul> <li>untranslated region ( 5&#39; UTR/ 3&#39; UTR&nbsp;)</spanli> <li> <ul> <li>location : before the start codon &nbsp;/ after the stop codon</h2li> <h2li>feature : locus which are not translated<span style="font-size/li> <li>advantage : mediummRNA stability, mRNA localization , translational efficiency</li> </ul> </li></ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;"</p> <p>7. What is ncRNA&nbsp;?</p> <ul> <li>non-coding RNA : RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein</li> <li>function</spanli> <li> <ul> <li>gene-regulation</h2li> <li> <ul> <li>trans-acting ncRNAs : microRNAs<h2/li> <span style="fontli>cis-sizeacting ncRNAs : mediumriboswitch (5&#39;-UTR)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li></ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;"</p> <p>8. What is poly A&nbsp;?</p> <ul> <li>composition : lone repetitive sequences of adenine nucleotides</spanli> <li>function : promote export from the nucleus / stimulate translation / protect the mRNA from degradation (by exonucleases)</li></h2ul>