Changes

<p>Gene risk factor for disease can be detected by Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Our goal is not just finding risk factors but use them in therapy. I studied 4 methods for use GWAS data to therapy- (1) Prevention, (2) Overlap between GWAS and known drug, (3) Finding new mechanisms of metabolic disease, (4) Gene therapy. I will suggest the future tasks for GWAS to therapeutics.</p>

<p>GWAS is an observational study of a genome-wide set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait. The primary goal of these studies is to better understand the biology of disease, under the assumption that a better understanding will lead to prevention or better treatment. Science is study of the world, and Engineering applies scientific knowledge to useful things. GWAS is kinds of science, so we need engineering process that use GWAS data to make novel therapy.</p>

<p>GWAS can give information of risk factor of specific trait. That means, if someone has high risk factor of specific disease, he or she has high probability of that disease. Scientist can give advices to prevent the disease.</p>

<p>In the case of cancer, early detecting is very important for patient&rsquo;s survival rate. But it is difficult to detect if the cancer has no physiological trait in early stage. Understanding association of gene and trait could help early intervention or prevention of disease. For example, if someone has high risk factor of pancreatic cancer, he can have regular checkup to prevention and early diagnosis.</p>

<p>GWAS data can be overlapped with known drug. In general, drug targets that are genetically informed have a higher probability of making it to phase 3 trial or to market. This imply potential huge cost savings to the healthcare industry.</p>

<p>Overlapping GWAS data can help understanding the response mechanisms of drug in the organs, tissues, and cells. This understanding lead to reducing side-effects of known drug or even increasing efficiency.</p>

<p>Actually, most of variants discovered by GWAS are Non-Coding Genes. There are 2 possible reason. First, if a non-coding gene and real high-risk factor is highly linked (the distance is very close), that gene can be discovered by GWAS with risk factor even if they are not risk factor. Second, those non-coding genes affect gene expression in epigenetic way. In this case, it would be possible to find novel mechanisms of metabolic disease. Furthermore, this novel mechanism can give information of new drug target.</p>

<p>Gene therapy is the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid into a patient&rsquo;s cell as a drug to treat disease. There are 3 main methods for gene therapy.</p>

<p style="margin-left:20.0pt">We need to make safer the CRISPR/Cas9 system, or find next generation genome editing system for human gene therapy.</p>

<p>Future GWAS will discover more variants and more genes associated with one or more traits. The genetic predictors will be more accurate, a greater ability to evaluate disease heterogeneity and to derive genetically informed diagnoses that might be more aligned to specific treatments.</p>

<p>Finally, I hope genomic personalized or precision medicine (or treatment) is likely to be widespread in prevention, intervention and also treatment steps with GWAS data.</p>

<ol>