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<p> </p> <h2>You Will Learn</h2> <ul> <li>The principles of genetics, genes and traits</li> <li>The applications and implications of genome sequencing</li> <li>How personal genomics might impact healthcare</li> <li>Tools used to diagnose and treat diseases</li> <li>Methods for determining the heritability of traits and diseases</li></ul> <p><strong>Genomics</strong> refers to the study of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a><sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics#cite_note-gov2010a-1">[Essay 1]</a></sup> in contrast to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a> which refers to the study of genes and their roles in inheritance.<sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics#cite_note-gov2010a-1">[1]</a></sup> Genomics can be considered a discipline in genetics. It applies <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_DNA" title="Recombinant DNA">recombinant DNA</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing" title="DNA sequencing">DNA sequencing</a> methods, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">bioinformatics</a> to sequence, assemble, and analyze the function and structure of genomes (the <em>complete</em> set of DNA within a single cell of an organism).<sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics#cite_note-gov2010-2">[2]</a></sup><sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics#cite_note-Klug_2012-3">[3]</a></sup> Advances in genomics have triggered a revolution in discovery-based research to understand even the most complex biological systems such as the brain.<sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics#cite_note-Kadakkuzha_2013-4">[4]</a></sup> The field includes efforts to determine the entire <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequence" title="DNA sequence">DNA sequence</a> of organisms and fine-scale <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_mapping" title="Genetic mapping">genetic mapping</a>. The field also includes studies of intragenomic phenomena such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterosis" title="Heterosis">heterosis</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistasis" title="Epistasis">epistasis</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotropy" title="Pleiotropy">pleiotropy</a> and other interactions between <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">loci</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele" title="Allele">alleles</a> within the genome.<sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics#cite_note-Pevsner_2009-5">[5]</a></sup> In contrast, the investigation of the roles and functions of single genes is a primary focus of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biology</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a> and is a common topic of modern medical and biological research. Research carried out into single genes does not generally fall into the definition of genomics unless the aim of this genetic, pathway, and functional information analysis is to elucidate its effect on, place in, and response to the entire genomes networks.<sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics#cite_note-Culver_2002-6">[6]</a></sup><sup>[<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">not specific enough to verify</a></em>]</sup></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <h3>The "omics" revolution[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genomics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The "omics" revolution">edit</a>]</h3> <p>Main articles: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omics" title="Omics">Omics</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_proteome_project" title="Human proteome project">Human proteome project</a></p>
<p>The English-language <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologism</a> <strong>omics</strong> informally refers to a field of study in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> ending in <em>-omics</em>, such as genomics, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomics" title="Proteomics">proteomics</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolomics" title="Metabolomics">metabolomics</a>. The related suffix <strong>-ome</strong> is used to address the objects of study of such fields, such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteome" title="Proteome">proteome</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolome" title="Metabolome">metabolome</a> respectively. The suffix <em>-ome</em> as used in molecular biology refers to a <em>totality</em> of some sort; similarly <strong>omics</strong> has come to refer generally to the study of large, comprehensive biological data sets. While the growth in the use of the term has led some scientists (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Eisen" title="Jonathan Eisen">Jonathan Eisen</a>, among others<sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics#cite_note-Eisen_2012-41">[41]</a></sup>) to claim that it has been oversold,<sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics#cite_note-wsj_2012-42">[42]</a></sup> it reflects the change in orientation towards the quantitative analysis of complete or near-complete assortment of all the constituents of a system.<sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics#cite_note-scudellari2011-43">[43]</a></sup> In the study of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis" title="Symbiosis">symbioses</a>, for example, researchers which were once limited to the study of a single gene product can now simultaneously compare the total complement of several types of biological molecules.<sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics#cite_note-Chaston_2012-44">[44]</a></sup><sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics#cite_note-McCutcheon_2011-45">[45]</a></sup>Sangin Kim</p>
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<p>The English-language <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologism</a> <strong>omics</strong> informally Genomics refers to a field the study of the genome in contrast to genetics which refers to the study of genes and their roles in <a href="https://eninheritance.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</Genomics can be considered a> ending discipline in <em>-omics</em>genetics. It applies recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics" title="Genomics">genomics</a>assemble, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomics" title="Proteomics">proteomics</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolomics" title="Metabolomics">metabolomics</a>and analyze the function and structure of genomes. The related suffix <strong>-ome</strong> is used field includes efforts to address determine the objects entire DNA sequence of study organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping. The field also includes studies of intragenomic phenomena such fieldsas heterosis, such as epistasis, pleiotropy or other interactions between loci and alleles within the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteome" title="Proteome">proteome</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolome" title="Metabolome">metabolome</a> respectively. Omics aims at It is the collective characterization and quantification of pools of biological molecules new science that translate into deals with the structure, function, discovery and dynamics noting of an organism or organisms.</p> <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_genomics" title="Functional genomics">Functional genomics</a> aims at identifying all the sequences in the functions of as many genes as possible entire genome of a given particular organism. It combines different -omics techniques such The genome can be defined as transcriptomics and proteomics with saturated mutant collections.<sup><the complete set of genes inside a href="https://encell.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omics#cite_noteGenomics, is, therefore, the study of the genetic make-1">[1]</a></sup></p> <p>The suffix <em>-ome</em> as used in molecular biology refers to a <em>totality</em> up of some sort; it organisms. Genomics is an example of a entry point for looking at the other "lsquo;neo-suffixomics"rsquo; formed by abstraction from various Greek terms in -ωμα, a sequence that does not form an identifiable suffix in Greeksciences.</p>
<p> Omics informally refers to a field of study in biology ending in -omics, such as genomics, proteomics or metabolomics. It reflects the change in orientation towards the quantitative analysis of complete or near-complete assortment of all the constituents of a system. Functional genomics aims at identifying the functions of as many genes as possible of a given organism. It combines different -omics techniques such as transcriptomics and proteomics with saturated mutant collections.</p>
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<p>Genomics and proteomics have provided extensive information regarding the genotype but convey limited information about phenotype. Low molecular weight compounds are the closest link to phenotype.</p>
<p>Metabolomics can be used to determine differences between the levels of thousands of molecules between a healthy and diseased plant. The technology can also be used to determine the nutritional difference between traditional and genetically modified crops, and in identifying plant defense metabolites.</p>
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<p>Genomics provides an overview of the complete set of genetic instructions provided by the DNA, while transcriptomics looks into gene expression patterns. Proteomics studies dynamic protein products and their interactions, while metabolomics is also an intermediate step in understanding organism’s entire metabolism.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Glossary</h2> <p><strong>Chromosome</strong>: a grouping of coiled strands of DNA, containing many genes.</p> <p><strong>DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)</strong>: a molecule found in cells of organisms that encodes genetic information.</p> <p><strong>Gene</strong>: a biological unit that codes for distinct traits or characteristics.</p> <p><strong>Genome</strong>: the complete set of genes in a cell.</p> <p><strong>Genotype</strong>: the genetic constitution of an organism.</p> <p><strong>Metabolome</strong>: complete set of low molecular weight compounds in a cell at a given time.</p> <p><strong>Phenotype</strong>: the physical appearance/observable characteristics of an organism.</p> <p><strong>Proteome</strong>: complete set of proteins in a cell at a given time.References</p>
<p><strong>RNA (ribonucleic acid)<1. https://strong>: a molecule, derived from DNA by transcription, that either carries information (messenger RNA), provides sub-cellular structure (ribosomal RNA), transports amino acids (transfer RNA), or facilitates the biochemical modification of itself or other RNA moleculesen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics</p>
<h2p>References2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omics</h2p>
<olp> <li>Genomics and Its impact on Medicine and Society. A 2001 primer. <a href="http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/publicat/primer2001/1.html" target="_blank">http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/publicat/primer2001/1.html</a></li> <li>Primer on Molecular Genetics. <a href="http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/publicat/primer/primer3.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/publicat/primer/primer.pdf</a></li> <li>Plant Sciences Institute Update. Iowa State University. October 2001. Volume 2 No.1.</li> <li>Genome Projects. <a href="http://www.tigrisaaa.org/tdb" target="_blank">http:/resources/www.tigr.orgpublications/tdb<pocketk/a><15/li> <li>Meet the ‘omics’ 2003 Agbiotech Infosource. Saskatchewan Agricultural Biotechnology Information Centre, A service of Ag-West Biotech Incdefault.asp</li></olp>
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